AI 中文总结
针对现有XAI无法解释IoT端到端感知到动作路径的问题，提出IoXT系统级范式，定义相关设计原则与协议类别，保障模型解释与IoT全链路的关联。
AI 中文摘要
物联网（IoT）正日益融合感知、通信、人工智能（AI）、决策与执行功能。在诸多领域中，传感器观测数据由边缘或云端智能处理，以选择配置或控制执行器的动作；当执行器动作改变环境时，后续观测也可能受其影响。现有可解释人工智能（XAI）方法能够解释模型预测结果，但本身无法解释从感知证据到物理动作的端到端路径。本文提出可解释物联网（IoXT），这一系统级范式将可解释性作为智能物联网的架构属性，其创新在于在感知-通信-智能-决策-执行路径中实现“设计即可解释性”。IoXT推导了身份与可寻址性、时间保真度、跨层溯源、双向可追溯性、流与事件时间证据、协议-语义连续性、安全与隐私、生命周期连续性以及合规性的需求与设计原则。我们对带时间戳的溯源图、传感器参与度、追踪完整性、跨层覆盖范围、重建延迟以及“无孤立执行”进行了形式化定义：具有因果关系的动作必须可追溯至授权决策与源证据，或被明确标记为降级或不合规。IoXT未规定特定的XAI方法或有线协议，而是定义了模型解释需与真实传感器输入、通信历史、决策、执行器执行及结果保持关联的条件。本文还引入可解释性遥测协议（XTPs）作为在异构物联网系统中保留这些语义的协议类别，以及与IoXT兼容、符合IoXT规范的保障概念。
英文摘要
The Internet of Things (IoT) increasingly combines sensing, communication, artificial intelligence (AI), decision-making, and actuation. In many domains, sensor observations are processed by edge or cloud intelligence to select actions that configure or control actuators; where actuation changes the environment, later observations may also be affected. Existing explainable AI (XAI) methods can explain model predictions, but they do not by themselves explain the end-to-end path from sensed evidence to physical action. This paper introduces the Internet of Explainable Things (IoXT), a system-level paradigm that makes explainability an architectural property of intelligent IoT. Its novelty is explainability-by-design across the sensing-communication-intelligence-decision-actuation path. IoXT derives requirements and design principles for identity and addressability, temporal fidelity, cross-layer provenance, bidirectional traceability, streaming and incident-time evidence, protocol-semantic continuity, security and privacy, lifecycle continuity, and conformance. We formalize timestamped provenance graphs, sensor participation, trace completeness, cross-layer coverage, reconstruction latency, and No Orphan Actuation: a consequential action must remain traceable to the authorizing decision and source evidence, or be explicitly marked degraded or non-conformant. IoXT prescribes neither a particular XAI method nor a wire protocol. Instead, it defines the conditions under which model explanations remain connected to real sensor inputs, communication history, decisions, actuator execution, and outcomes. Explainability Telemetry Protocols (XTPs) are introduced as a protocol category for preserving these semantics across heterogeneous IoT systems, together with IoXT-ready and IoXT-conformant assurance concepts.
Comments20 pages, 1 figure
