反转学习任务的感知运动特征会偏向决策行为但不破坏个体差异结构
Sensorimotor features of a reversal learning task bias decision behavior without disrupting individual difference structure
AI总结：
该研究发现反转学习任务的感知运动特征会偏向决策行为但不破坏个体差异结构，为计算精神病学认知任务范式的潜在方法学污染物提供了新证据。
AI中文摘要：
在计算精神病学领域，通常假设任务无关因素（如任务的感知和运动特征）不会偏向决策行为，最多只会增加噪声。然而越来越多的证据表明，感知运动处理通过多种通路与决策制定相关联，对这一假设提出了挑战。我们通过一项由90名参与者完成的二择一概率反转学习任务，在两种感知运动条件下直接验证了这一点：静止条件仅要求手臂运动做出反应，主动条件则要求参与者在物理上分离的计算机之间行走。以选择更可能获得奖励选项的倾向衡量的任务表现，在两种条件下没有差异。然而，停留率（重复上一次选择的倾向）在静止条件下显著升高，但仅在那些先完成主动条件的参与者中；而先完成静止条件的参与者则没有表现出这种差异。捕捉近期获胜历史对选择影响的逻辑回归权重也呈现相同模式，静止条件下的升高仅局限于先完成主动条件的组。两种指标的跨条件相关性很强，表明这种依赖顺序的效应改变了绝对测量值，但未破坏个体差异结构。因此，先前的感知运动历史不会损害任务提取稳定认知变量的能力，但确实会偏向其产生的值——这是一种非随机的方差来源，若超出本实验范围推广，可能在拟议的临床应用中使患者跨越诊断阈值。该发现为计算精神病学认知任务范式中越来越多的潜在方法学污染物增添了新的内容，这些污染物必须在临床转化前加以表征和缓解。
英文摘要：
In computational psychiatry, task-irrelevant factors such as a task's perceptual and motor features are typically assumed not to bias decision behavior, but at most to add noise. Yet growing evidence links sensorimotor processing to decision-making through multiple pathways, challenging this assumption. We tested this directly using a two-choice probabilistic reversal learning task completed by 90 participants under two sensorimotor conditions: a stationary condition requiring only arm movements to respond, and an active condition requiring participants to walk between physically separated computers. Task performance, measured as the propensity to choose the more probable rewarding option, did not differ between conditions. However, stay rate (the tendency to repeat the previous choice) was significantly elevated in the stationary condition, but only among participants who completed the active condition first; those who completed the stationary condition first showed no such difference. Logistic regression weights capturing the influence of recent win history on choice showed the same pattern, with stationary-condition elevation restricted to the active-first group. Cross-condition correlations for both measures were strong, indicating that this order-dependent effect shifted absolute measurements without disrupting individual difference structure. Prior sensorimotor history therefore does not compromise the task's ability to extract stable cognitive variables, but does bias the values it yields - a non-random source of variance that, if it generalizes beyond this experiment, could shift patients across diagnostic thresholds in proposed clinical applications. The finding adds to a growing list of potential methodological contaminants in computational psychiatry's cognitive-task paradigms that must be characterized and mitigated before clinical translation.
