AI 中文总结
本研究探讨记忆负荷原初黑洞的高能中微子信号，利用IceCube数据给出约束，预测IceCube-Gen2和GRAND200k的灵敏度，分析不同质量函数的约束差异及参数估计能力。
AI 中文摘要
记忆负荷效应会抑制原初黑洞（PBHs）的后期蒸发，使那些低于标准霍金蒸发阈值的原初黑洞能够存活至现今。这些较轻的原初黑洞会发射高能及超高能中微子，为通过中微子望远镜发现它们提供了诱人的可能性。我们利用当前IceCube HESE、MESE及EHE数据研究对记忆负荷原初黑洞的约束，并预测IceCube-Gen2 radio与GRAND200k的灵敏度可达范围。特别地，我们研究该信号如何取决于存活的原初黑洞群体是服从对数正态质量函数还是单能质量函数。我们发现，相同中位质量下，对数正态分布的原初黑洞群体比单能群体受到的约束更强，这主要是因为它们的低质量尾端增强了高能中微子通量。我们还表明，当前IceCube数据在较低的记忆负荷参数k下提供了领先的限制，而预计的无线电探测器在较高k值下会显著更灵敏。我们还研究了未来实验可能观测到来自原初黑洞的正信号的情景：考虑IceCube-Gen2和GRAND200k中具有代表性的30个事件的信号，研究区分两种质量函数假设的能力，发现当真为对数正态分布时，更容易排除单能分布。最后，我们研究在这些未来实验中估计记忆负荷原初黑洞参数的能力。
英文摘要
The memory-burden effect can suppress the late-time evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs), allowing those that would otherwise have evaporated via Hawking radiation to survive until the present epoch. These lighter PBHs emit high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos, opening the tentalizing possibility of discovery via neutrino telescopes. We study the constraints on memory-burdened PBHs from current IceCube HESE, MESE, and EHE data; and forecast the sensitivity reach of IceCube-Gen2 radio and GRAND200k. In particular, we study how this signal depends on whether the initial PBH population is described by a log-normal mass function or by a monochromatic one. We find that log-normally distributed populations can be more strongly constrained than monochromatic populations with the same median mass primarily because their low-mass tails enhance the high-energy neutrino flux. We show that current IceCube data provide the leading limits for a lower memory burden parameter $k$, whereas the projected radio detectors become substantially more sensitive for higher values of $k$. We also study a scenario where future experiments would see a positive signal coming from PBHs. We consider a representative 30-event signal in IceCube-Gen2 radio and GRAND200k and study how well one could distinguish the two mass-function hypotheses. We find that it is easier to disfavor the monochromatic distribution when the log-normal distribution is assumed to be true. Finally, we study how well the parameters of the memory-burdened PBHs can be estimated in these future experiments.
Comments19 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
