AI 中文总结
该研究在带粒子可逆切换的开放完全不对称简单排斥过程中，揭示了慢内部态导致低频输出涨落的非单调特性，通过近似与模拟明确了有限尺寸区域的相关规律。
AI 中文摘要
慢内部态会重塑驱动晶格气体的平均吞吐量与时间结构。出口计数统计在有限开放完全不对称简单排斥过程中揭示了该效应，该过程中的粒子可在活跃态与暂停态间可逆切换。增加暂停会使平均流平滑降低，而长窗口法诺因子呈强非单调变化。在参考边界速率下，晶格长度L=50-500时，最大值始终接近测得的平均暂停粒子数Nₚ=Lρₚaused≃1.5-2，对应暂停速率标度为kₚ^max∝L⁻¹。一个最小的恒定出生、线性死亡近似将一阶集体交叉转化为有限尺寸位移，且在独立暂停、强阻塞极限下给出Nₚ^⋆≃1.50。模拟结果界定了该近似的适用范围：暂停数呈过度分散状态，且在固定Nₚ时，较慢的恢复暂停会同时增加相关时间与噪声振幅。停留时间和结构分析进一步分离了相关慢变量：无暂停与含暂停的停留时间尺度跟踪拟合的输出相关时间，而噪声振幅遵循最大粒子簇的涨落（而非平均大小）。因此，低频输出噪声识别出由慢缺陷动力学与交通拥堵重组共同塑造的间歇性有限尺寸区域。
英文摘要
Slow internal states reshape both the mean throughput and the temporal organization of a driven lattice gas. Exit-counting statistics reveal this effect in a finite open totally asymmetric simple exclusion process whose particles reversibly switch between active and paused states. Increasing pausing lowers the mean current smoothly, whereas the long-window Fano factor is strongly nonmonotonic. At the reference boundary rates, the maximum remains near a measured mean paused population \(N_p=Lρ_{\rm paused}\simeq1.5\)--\(2\) across lattice lengths L=50-500, while the corresponding pausing rate scales as \(k_p^{\rm max}\propto L^{-1}\). A minimal constant-birth, linear-death approximation translates an order-one collective crossover into this finite-size displacement and gives \(N_p^\star\simeq1.50\) in the independent-pause, strong-blocking limit. The simulations delimit this approximation: the pause number is overdispersed, and at fixed \(N_p\), slower unpausing increases both the correlation time and the noise amplitude. Residence-time and structural analyses further separate the relevant slow variables. The pause-free versus pause-containing residence-time scale tracks the fitted output-correlation time, whereas the noise amplitude follows fluctuations, rather than the mean size, of the largest particle cluster. Low-frequency output noise therefore identifies an intermittent finite-size regime shaped jointly by slow-defect kinetics and traffic-jam reorganization.
