行星冰壳能为我们带来关于海洋混合、生命以及盐为何重要的哪些启示
What can Planetary Ice Shells Teach Us about Ocean Mixing and Life, and Why Salt Matters
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文探讨行星冰壳的表面观测可推断地下海洋混合，海洋盐度控制冰壳的层结与混合，二者的相互作用或能为行星宜居性和生命起源提供新见解。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
地球及行星系统中过去和现在的气候都维持着冰盖，冰盖下方存在海洋，这一范围从北冰洋的海冰，到太阳系中被冰覆盖的卫星上的全球冰壳，再到地球历史上过去时期的冰盖。当冰壳覆盖在海洋之上时，由于往往缺乏原位海洋测量，很难推断下方可能发生的海洋过程。这意味着我们对海洋混合的了解通常必须从地表测量中推断得出。本文综合了以下观点：（1）过去和现在行星冰壳的表面观测能为地下海洋的层结和混合提供见解，反之亦然；（2）（1）中的层结、混合和冰的存在在很大程度上由海洋盐度控制；（3）过去和现在行星系统中（1）与（2）之间的相互作用可能为宜居性和生命起源提供新的见解。
英文摘要
Past and present climates, both on Earth and in planetary systems, maintain ice covers with underlying oceans. This can range from sea ice in the Arctic Ocean to global ice shells on ice-covered moons in the Solar System to ice sheets in past episodes of Earth's history. When an ice shell overlies an ocean, it becomes challenging to infer what ocean processes could be going on below as in-situ ocean measurements are often lacking. This means that what we learn about ocean mixing must often be inferred from above-surface measurements. Here we synthesize the following ideas: (1) surface observations of past and present planetary ice shells give insight into subsurface ocean stratifications and mixing (and vice versa), (2) the stratification, mixing, and presence of ice in (1) is largely controlled by the ocean salinity, and (3) the interplay between (1) and (2) in past and present planetary systems may provide new insights into habitability and the origins of life.
