PASCHEN-1D：具有多机制表面发射和灵活外电路耦合的一维流体等离子体求解器
PASCHEN-1D: A one-dimensional fluid plasma solver with multi-mechanism surface emission and flexible external circuit coupling
AI总结：
PASCHEN-1D是一款耦合多机制表面发射与外电路的一维流体等离子体求解器，经多基准验证可高效模拟气体放电与等离子体击穿，为相关现象建模提供了通用工具。
AI中文摘要：
我们提出了PASCHEN-1D（Plasma Advanced Solver with Coupled High-fidelity Emission and external Network），这是一款一维时变流体等离子体求解器，用于对气体放电和等离子体击穿进行自洽模拟，该模拟耦合了电极表面发射与灵活的外电路网络。该代码求解电子和离子的漂移-扩散连续性方程以及泊松方程，动态耦合到集总RLC电路，在单一框架内自洽处理等离子体输运、等离子体-表面相互作用、介电效应和电路响应。电极发射模块包含离子诱导二次电子发射、Fowler-Nordheim和Murphy-Good场发射、Richardson-Dushman热电子发射，以及基于通用精确量子力学发射理论的光发射。采用具有Kurganov-Tadmor通量、显式扩散和四阶Runge-Kutta时间积分的有限体积公式，确保在击穿和辉光 regime 内稳定的瞬态（有时是超快）演化。该求解器通过多个基准案例验证，包括纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电、直流击穿和辉光转变，以及氩气和氮气的帕邢曲线构建，结果与已发表研究一致。凭借高保真发射物理和灵活的电路耦合框架，PASCHEN-1D为击穿和瞬态放电现象建模提供了通用且高效的工具。
英文摘要：
We present PASCHEN-1D (Plasma Advanced Solver with Coupled High-fidelity Emission and external Network), a one-dimensional time-dependent fluid plasma solver developed for self-consistent simulation of gas discharges and plasma breakdown with coupled electrode surface emission and flexible external circuit networks. The code solves drift-diffusion continuity equations for electrons and ions together with Poisson's equation. It is dynamically coupled to lumped RLC circuits, which self-consistently treat plasma transport, plasma-surface interaction, dielectric effects, and circuit response within a single framework. The electrode emission module includes ion-induced secondary electron emission, Fowler-Nordheim and Murphy-Good field emission, Richardson-Dushman thermionic emission, and photoemission based on a general, exact quantum mechanical emission theory. A finite-volume formulation with Kurganov-Tadmor fluxes, explicit diffusion, and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time integration is employed to ensure stable transient (sometimes ultrafast) evolution across breakdown and glow regimes. The solver is validated against multiple benchmark cases, including nanosecond pulsed dielectric-barrier discharges, DC breakdown and glow transitions, and Paschen curve construction for argon and nitrogen, with results consistent with published studies. With high-fidelity emission physics and a flexible circuit-coupling framework, PASCHEN-1D provides a versatile and efficient tool for modeling breakdown and transient discharge phenomena.
