AI 中文总结
该研究计算中等质量黑洞（IMBHs）和球状星团（GCs）产生引力波引力透镜的概率，发现其相对速率极低，不支持用其解释GW231123，同时指出透镜引力波可作为暗物质子结构和原初黑洞的探针。
AI 中文摘要
强引力透镜的引力波（GWs）是探测透镜子结构的有力工具。中等质量黑洞（IMBHs）被认为是高效的透镜，可能会扭曲当前可探测的恒星质量致密双星的透镜波形，正如GW231123所暗示的那样。假设IMBHs位于球状星团（GCs）中，我们考虑复合透镜系统，计算它们影响由星系尺度透镜产生的强透镜重复啁啾的速率。通过探索不同的天体物理模型假设和透镜判据，我们发现相对速率在我们的基准乐观场景中最多为1/1000，衰减至1/10000。在高放大率μ>100时，相对速率接近1%，但这些情况的绝对值本身就很罕见。我们的结果表明，IMBHs和GCs产生的GW引力透镜不太可能，不支持将其解释为GW231123的成因。反过来，这表明透镜GWs是暗物质子结构和原初黑洞的干净探针。
英文摘要
Strongly lensed gravitational waves (GWs) are powerful probes of substructure in the lens. Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) are postulated to be efficient lenses that may distort the lensed waveforms of currently detectable stellar-mass compact binaries, as hinted by GW231123. Assuming that IMBHs are located in globular clusters (GCs), we compute the rate at which they would affect strongly lensed repeated chirps produced by galaxy-scale lenses, considering a compound lens system. Exploring different astrophysical model assumptions and lensing criteria, we find that the relative rate is at most 1/1000 and decays to 1/10,000 for our fiducial optimistic scenario. At high magnifications, $μ$ > 100, the relative rate approaches 1%, but these cases are intrinsically rare in absolute value. Our results imply that GW lensing by IMBHs and GCs is unlikely, disfavoring such an interpretation for GW231123. In turn, they point towards lensed GWs being a clean probe of dark matter substructures and primordial black holes.
Comments13 pages, 4 figures
