AI 中文总结
本研究利用氢与反氢光谱及高电荷离子，探究洛伦兹破缺标量介导势对光谱的影响，获得标量质量 $m_\phi \gtrsim 400\\:\mathrm{keV}$ 下反物质耦合的最强实验室约束，并估算了天体物理约束。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究与标准模型费米子具有洛伦兹破缺耦合的标量介导势如何影响原子和高电荷离子中的光谱学可观测量。普通标量与洛伦兹破缺矢量耦合的类时分量的合适组合，至少在非相对论极限下可分解为“物质”和“反物质”耦合。通过研究氢和反氢的光谱，我们同时获取物质和反物质耦合的信息。仅相对论效应就能消除普通氢中的简并，间接获取反物质耦合，而与反氢测量结果的对比则大幅提升了反物质耦合的探测灵敏度。在高电荷离子中，增强的相对论效应进一步放大了灵敏度，弥补了实验精度降低和理论不确定性增大的问题。我们获得了标量质量 $m_\phi \gtrsim 400\\:\mathrm{keV}$ 下迄今最强的约束。作为对比，我们估算了同一参数空间的天体物理约束，尽管恒星主要由物质构成，仍能对反物质耦合施加强约束。
英文摘要
We investigate how scalar-mediated potentials with Lorentz-violating couplings to Standard Model fermions affect spectroscopic observables in atoms and highly charged ions. Suitable combinations of an ordinary scalar and a time-like component of a Lorentz violating vector coupling allow for a split into "matter" and "antimatter" couplings, at least in the non-relativistic limit. By considering hydrogen and antihydrogen spectra, we access both matter and antimatter couplings. While relativistic effects alone lift degeneracies in ordinary hydrogen, providing indirect access to antimatter couplings, comparisons with antihydrogen measurements lead to significantly improved sensitivity to the antimatter couplings. In highly charged ions, enhanced relativistic effects further amplify the sensitivity, compensating for reduced experimental precision and larger theoretical uncertainties. We obtain the strongest bounds to date for scalar masses $m_ϕ\gtrsim 400\:\mathrm{keV}$. For comparison, we estimate astrophysical constraints on the same parameter space, providing strong bounds even on antimatter couplings, despite stars being predominantly composed of matter.
Comments35 pages, 5 figures
