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子集和与k-SUM问题的改进量子算法

Improved Quantum Algorithms for Subset Sum and $k$-SUM

Nikolai Chukhin, Alexander S. Kulikov, Maksim Levitskii, Ivan Mihajlin

arXiv 2608.07309首次发表:更新:

AI 中文总结

本文针对子集和与k-SUM问题,提出改进的量子算法,将k-SUM最坏情况运行时间优化,结合7-SUM算法与块归约技术得到子集和问题的更优量子算法。

AI 中文摘要

子集和问题是指给定n个整数和一个目标值,判断是否存在某个整数子集的和等于目标值。其已知的最坏情况运行时间为O^*(2^{n/2})(Horowitz和Sahni,1974年),而最佳量子上界为O^*(2^{n/3})(Bernstein、Jeffery、Lange和Meurer,2013年)。k-SUM问题是子集和的参数化版本,即判断是否存在k个整数的和等于目标值。其最佳经典上界为\widetilde O(n^{\lceil k/2\rceil}),而最佳量子运行时间为\widetilde O(n^{k/3})(Tani,2009年)。对于随机实例,已知存在运行时间为\widetilde O(n^{\Phi_k})的量子算法,其中\Phi_k=\frac{2k-\lfloor k/7\rfloor-\lfloor (k+3)/7\rfloor}{6}(Schrottenloher,2021年)。本文提出一种新的量子算法,用于解决最坏情况k-SUM问题,运行时间为\widetilde O(n^{\Psi_k}),其中\Psi_k=\Phi_k-\frac{[k\equiv 3\bmod 7]}{9}-\frac{[k\equiv 6\bmod 7]}{18}。该算法不仅对所有模7余3或6的k值更快,还提供了最坏情况保证,而非仅针对单解随机实例的保证。将本文的7-SUM算法与标准块归约技术结合,可得到子集和问题的O^*(2^{2n/7})量子算法,优于之前已知的O^*(2^{n/3})算法。

英文摘要

The Subset Sum problem asks whether, given $n$ integers and a target, some subset of the integers sums to the target. Its best known worst-case running time is $O^*(2^{n/2})$ (Horowitz and Sahni, 1974), whereas the best quantum upper bound is $O^*(2^{n/3})$ (Bernstein, Jeffery, Lange, and Meurer, 2013). The $k$-SUM problem is a parameterized version of Subset Sum asking whether there are $k$ integers that sum to the target. The best classical upper bound for it is $\widetilde O(n^{\lceil k/2\rceil})$, whereas the best quantum running time is $\widetilde O(n^{k/3})$ (Tani, 2009). For random instances, a quantum algorithm with running time $\widetilde O(n^{Φ_k})$ is known, where $$ Φ_k=\frac{2k-\lfloor k/7\rfloor-\lfloor (k+3)/7\rfloor}{6} $$ (Schrottenloher, 2021). We present a new quantum algorithm solving worst-case $k$-SUM in time $\widetilde O(n^{Ψ_k})$, where $$ Ψ_k=Φ_k-\frac{[k\equiv 3\bmod 7]}{9}-\frac{[k\equiv 6\bmod 7]}{18}. $$ The algorithm is not only faster for all $k$ congruent to $3$ or $6$ modulo $7$, but also gives a worst-case guarantee rather than a guarantee restricted to single-solution random instances. Combining our algorithm for $7$-SUM with the standard block reduction technique yields an $O^*(2^{2n/7})$ quantum algorithm for Subset Sum, improving the previously known $O^*(2^{n/3})$ algorithm.

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