GPU加速的高保真太阳辐射压力建模轨道传播
GPU-Accelerated Orbit Propagation with High-Fidelity Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出基于Vulkan的GPU加速SRP计算及考虑太阳能电池板动态朝向的SRP模型，结合SPAD插值策略，实现轨道传播加速并明确高保真SRP模型的集成场景。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
太阳辐射压力（Solar Radiation Pressure，SRP）是太阳发射光子施加的力，是影响航天器轨道的主要非引力摄动之一，其精确建模对高保真轨道传播至关重要。尽管基于物理的光线追踪模型可提高SRP精度，但在数值积分过程中，SRP力需在轨道传播中反复计算，其计算成本成为限制因素。本文通过两项互补贡献研究将高保真SRP模型集成到轨道传播中：一是基于Vulkan的GPU实现，可加速直接SRP计算；二是扩展SRP模型以考虑太阳能电池板的动态朝向。这些贡献通过轨道传播实验独立评估，同时包含预计算SRP插值策略（SPAD）作为替代方法，通过离线采样和插值降低计算成本。数值验证显示，Vulkan实现保留了原始基于OpenGL方法的精度，相对差异低于5×10⁻⁴，同时实现了单个SRP计算最高9.4倍的加速，完整轨道传播最高15.2倍的加速，尤其适用于几何复杂的航天器。可移动太阳能电池板模型表明，忽略电池板运动会产生显著的长期传播误差，尤其对具有大型铰接太阳能电池板的航天器，而仅引入适度的计算开销。基于实验评估，本研究最终给出将高保真SRP模型集成到轨道传播框架的实用指南，确定了基于插值的方法足够的场景，以及在线高保真SRP计算合理的场景。
英文摘要
Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP), the force exerted by photons emitted by the Sun, is one of the main non-gravitational perturbations affecting spacecraft trajectories, making its accurate modeling essential for high-fidelity orbit propagation. While physically-based ray-tracing models improve SRP accuracy, their computational cost becomes a limitation during numerical integration, where the SRP force must be evaluated repeatedly throughout the trajectory propagation. This paper investigates the integration of high-fidelity SRP models into orbit propagation through two complementary contributions: a Vulkan-based GPU implementation that accelerates direct SRP evaluation, and an extension of the SRP model to account for the dynamic orientation of solar panels. These contributions are evaluated independently through orbit propagation experiments, while a precomputed SRP interpolation strategy (SPAD) is included as an alternative approach for reducing computational cost through offline sampling and interpolation. Numerical validation shows that the Vulkan implementation preserves the accuracy of the original OpenGL-based method, showing relative differences below $5\times10^{-4}$ while achieving speed-ups of up to 9.4 for individual SRP computations and up to 15.2 for complete orbit propagation, particularly for geometrically complex spacecraft. The movable solar panel model shows that neglecting panel motion can produce significant long-term propagation errors, especially for spacecraft with large articulated solar panels, while introducing only a moderate computational overhead. Based on the experimental evaluation, this work concludes with practical guidelines for integrating high-fidelity SRP models into orbit propagation frameworks, identifying the scenarios under which interpolation-based methods are sufficient and when online high-fidelity SRP computation is justified.
