利用空间分辨的HI观测检验暗物质模型与修正引力理论
Testing dark matter models and modified gravity theories with spatially resolved HI observations
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究利用SKA-Mid AA4的高分辨率HI观测数据，开发自动运动学软件以检验暗物质模型与修正引力理论，解决海量数据带来的技术挑战，助力探索暗物质本质与星系动力学规律。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
理解暗物质（DM）的本质是现代物理学最紧迫的问题之一。星系的平坦旋转曲线，尤其是来自21厘米射电观测的延伸HI旋转曲线，在历史上对确立暗物质问题起到了关键作用，并且至今仍是检验不同星系形成模型、粒子暗物质模型以及修正引力理论的主要工具。SKA（平方千米阵列）望远镜将凭借其前所未有的角分辨率、灵敏度和巡天速度，彻底变革HI旋转曲线的研究。结合光学和近红外辅助数据，SKA-Mid AA4项目的HI巡天将使我们能够：（1）获得空间分辨率为1角分-2角分的HI数据，以前所未有的细节探测星系内部动力学（例如尖峰-核心问题）；（2）从数百个天体的代表性样本转向数万个天体的统计样本，使我们能够以前所未有的统计效力，研究不同宇宙环境下星系的动力学标度律及其暗物质属性；（3）从红移z~0的星系转向红移z~1的星系，探测更早宇宙时期的暗物质晕，并探索约80亿年间动力学规律的红移演化。然而，SKA的海量数据将给自动运动学软件推导HI旋转曲线带来重要技术挑战。在SKA时代开发此类运动学软件对于实现重大科学目标至关重要，例如区分暗物质问题的不同解决方案。
英文摘要
Understanding the nature of dark matter (DM) is one of the most pressing questions of modern physics. The flat rotation curves of galaxies, especially the extended HI rotation curves from radio observations at 21 cm, played a key historical role to establish the DM problem and continue to be a major tool to test different galaxy formation models, particle DM models, and modified gravity theories. The SKA observatory will revolutionize the study of HI rotation curves thanks to its unprecedented angular resolution, sensitivity, and survey speed. In combination with optical and near-infrared ancillary data, HI surveys with SKA-Mid AA4 will allow us to (1) obtain HI data at spatial resolutions of 1"-2", probing the inner galaxy dynamics with unprecedented details (e.g., the cusp-core problem); (2) move from representative samples of a few hundreds of objects to statistical samples of tens of thousands of objects, allowing us to study the dynamical scaling laws of galaxies and their DM properties with unprecedented statistical power across different cosmic environments; (3) move from galaxies at z~0 to galaxies at z~1, probing DM halos at earlier cosmic epochs and exploring the redshift evolution of the dynamical laws across about 8 Gyrs. The massive SKA data, however, will pose important technical challenges for the derivation of HI rotation curves with automated kinematic software. Developing such kinematic software in the SKA era will be crucial to reach major scientific goals, such as discriminating between different solutions to the DM problem.
