AI 中文总结
本综述第二部分结合各类模拟结果与观测检验，探讨星系熄灭的内在、环境等途径，为该领域未解决问题提供初步答案。
AI 中文摘要
本综述系列的目标是从观测和理论视角全面概述星系的恒星形成与熄灭过程。我们基于大量文献，试图回答一个看似简单实则复杂的问题：为何星系会停止形成恒星？在第二部分中，我们主要聚焦于理论与模拟的结果，以及对理论提出的熄灭途径的直接观测检验。过去二十年里，N体模拟、半解析模型、理想化流体动力学模拟、宇宙学流体动力学模拟和放大流体动力学模拟，都为星系熄灭的根本原因和具体机制提供了关键见解。本部分中，我们讨论大质量星系熄灭的内在途径，来自重子反馈的强作用——包括超新星和活动星系核（喷流模式与预防模式）；此外，我们还讨论动力学稳定并合的作用。接着，我们考虑通过 ram 压力和动力学剥离实现熄灭的环境途径，以及卫星星系在宇宙网中的位置带来的影响。我们综述了采用多种技术对熄灭的根本原因、具体机制和触发条件开展的观测检验。最后，我们对该领域主要未解决问题给出初步答案，以此结束本综述。
英文摘要
The goal of this review article series is to provide a comprehensive overview of galactic star formation and quenching from both an observational and theoretical perspective. Drawing on a vast quantity of literature, we attempt to answer a deceptively simple question: why do galaxies cease forming stars? In Part II, we concentrate primarily on results from theory and simulations, in addition to direct observational tests of theoretically proposed quenching routes. Over the past two decades, N-body simulations, semi-analytic models, idealized hydrodynamical simulations, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, and zoom-in hydrodynamical simulations have all provided crucial insights into the fundamental causes and specific mechanisms of galaxy quenching. Throughout this part of the review, we discuss intrinsic routes to massive galaxy quenching from strong baryonic feedback - including supernovae and active galactic nuclei (in both the ejective and preventative modes). Additionally, we discuss dynamical stabilization and the role of mergers. We go on to consider environmental routes to quenching via both ram pressure and dynamical stripping, and as a consequence of the location of satellite galaxies within the cosmic web. We review observational tests of the fundamental causes, specific mechanisms, and triggering of quenching from various techniques. Finally, we conclude this review with tentative answers to the major outstanding issues in this field.
CommentsInvited review article for The Astronomy & Astrophysics Review. Accepted on 24 June 2026. 177 pages; 36 figures. Rights to reproduce non-original figures are given by creative commons license or else direct permission from the publisher, journal, or original author(s) (as required by the individual publishing agreements)
