二维量子磁体瞬态动力学中远离平衡的标度行为的观测
Observation of far-from-equilibrium scaling in the transient dynamics of 2D quantum magnets
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究观测到二维量子磁体瞬态动力学中存在远离平衡的标度行为，利用可编程里德伯原子阵列揭示其由简单集体描述支配，为探寻远离平衡量子物质组织原理提供了重要见解。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
远离平衡的量子多体动力学的瞬态机制缺乏平衡态中普适性与标度所提供的成熟组织原理，对于二维短程相互作用系统而言，其理解程度最低——这类系统中平均场论证预计不成立、可控理论描述极少且涨落极强。本研究利用可编程里德伯原子阵列（可实现蜂窝、正方形、 kagome、三角形晶格）研究横场伊辛模型的淬火动力学：从完全磁化态出发，观测到主导集体磁化振荡出现显著软化，同时阻尼率达到峰值，这标志着相互作用主导与场主导的瞬态动力学之间发生了 crossover（交叉）。尽管微观晶格几何不同，振荡频率与阻尼率在经配位数加权的相互作用强度归一化后，均能坍缩到共同曲线上。研究发现，平均场描述可有效重现磁化振荡；离散截断维格纳近似无法预测强相互作用下的阻尼，凸显了关联量子涨落的重要性，而树张量网络模拟能准确复现该动力学。这些结果揭示了支配短程相互作用二维量子磁体瞬态动力学的鲁棒标度机制，表明尽管存在强量子涨落，主导瞬态动力学仍由简单集体描述支配，这是探寻远离平衡量子物质组织原理过程中的重要进展。
英文摘要
The transient regime of far-from-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics lacks the established organizing principles that universality and scaling provide in equilibrium. It is least understood for two-dimensional short-range interacting systems, where mean-field arguments are not expected to hold, controlled theoretical descriptions are few, and fluctuations are strong. Here we investigate the quench dynamics of the transverse-field Ising model using programmable Rydberg-atom arrays realizing honeycomb, square, kagome, and triangular lattices. Starting from a fully magnetized state, we observe a pronounced softening of the dominant collective magnetization oscillation accompanied by a maximum in the damping rate, signaling a crossover between interaction- and field-dominated transient dynamics. Even though the microscopic lattice geometries are different, both the oscillation frequencies and the damping rates collapse onto common curves after being rescaled by the coordination-number-weighted interaction strength. Our findings show that a mean-field description effectively reproduces the magnetization oscillations. The importance of correlated quantum fluctuations is underlined by the failure of the discrete truncated Wigner approximation to predict the damping for strong interactions, while tree-tensor-network simulations reproduce the dynamics accurately. These results reveal a robust scaling regime governing the transient dynamics of short-range interacting two-dimensional quantum magnets. They reveal that the dominant transient dynamics is governed by a simple collective description despite the presence of strong quantum fluctuations --- an important insight in the quest to uncover organizing principles in far-from-equilibrium quantum matter.
