AI 中文总结
本研究利用256量子比特的里德伯原子阵列，绘制二维横场伊辛模型的弛豫景观，发现预热化和弛豫减速两种新区域，确立里德伯原子阵列作为非平衡量子多体动力学的科学发现平台。
AI 中文摘要
远离平衡的量子物质如何弛豫是多体物理学中的核心开放问题，而模拟量子模拟器非常适合在此问题上从验证理论转向发现新物理。本研究使用一个256量子比特的二维里德伯原子阵列，绘制二维横场伊辛模型在其整个相图上的弛豫景观。除了预期的快速热化之外，我们还识别出另外两种 regime：第一种是受有效XY模型动力学支配的预热化 regime；第二种也是最出乎意料的，是具有弛豫减速特征的交叉 regime。这种减速恰好发生在最先进的经典张量网络方法在后期失去控制的区域，而量子模拟在所有系统尺寸上都保持一致。这些结果确立了里德伯原子阵列作为非平衡量子多体动力学科学发现平台的地位。
英文摘要
How quantum matter relaxes far from equilibrium is a central open problem in many-body physics, and one for which analog quantum simulators are well positioned to move from confirming theory to discovering new physics. Here, we use a two-dimensional Rydberg atom array of 256 qubits to map the relaxation landscape of the two-dimensional transverse-field Ising model across its phase diagram. Beyond the expected rapid thermalization, we identify two further regimes. The first is a prethermal regime whose dynamics are governed by an effective XY model. The second, and most unexpected, is a crossover regime characterized by a slowdown in relaxation. This slowdown occurs precisely where state-of-the-art classical tensor-network methods lose control at late times, whereas the quantum simulation remains consistent across system sizes. These results establish Rydberg atom arrays as a platform for scientific discovery in nonequilibrium quantum many-body dynamics.
