AI 中文总结
本研究设计并验证了一款以MCU为核心的便携式EEG-tES平台，集成8通道EEG采集与2通道tES功能，具备高信号保真度与低刺激误差，为便携式闭环神经调控系统提供了实用基础。
AI 中文摘要
背景：结合脑电图（EEG）与经颅电刺激（tES）的闭环神经调控技术在神经科学研究及临床应用中具有巨大潜力，但现有平台常依赖台式仪器或以现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）为核心的架构，限制了便携性并增加了系统复杂度。方法：我们开发了一款紧凑可穿戴双向平台，在单个微控制器单元（MCU）内集成8通道EEG采集与2通道tES功能；基于ADS1299的前端支持每通道最高8 kHz采样率，可同步记录神经信号与刺激信号；刺激模块采用直接数字合成（DDS）技术生成可编程的经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）、经颅交流电刺激（tACS）与经颅时间干扰刺激（tTIS）波形，优化后的固件设计使其能在微控制器上实现实时运行。结果：实验评估显示该平台信号保真度高，受控条件下EEG相关系数达99%，明胶头部体模测试中达93.5%；tDCS、tACS、tTIS模式下刺激电流误差均低于1%；在高振幅、高频率刺激期间，平台可可靠记录同步EEG-tES信号且无饱和现象。结论：研究表明，以MCU为核心的架构可在紧凑可穿戴形态下有效支持同步EEG感知与多模态tES递送，同时保持刺激准确性与信号采集的鲁棒性。意义：本研究为集成主机软件的便携式闭环神经调控系统提供了实用基础，扩大了个性化刺激范式的可及性，为未来床旁神经技术应用奠定了基础。
英文摘要
Background: Closed-loop neuromodulation integrating electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has strong potential for neuroscience research and clinical applications. However, existing platforms often rely on benchtop instrumentation or FPGA-centered architectures, limiting portability and increasing system complexity. Methods: We developed a compact wearable bidirectional platform integrating 8-channel EEG acquisition and 2-channel tES within a single microcontroller unit (MCU). An ADS1299-based front-end supports up to 8 kHz sampling per channel for simultaneous neural and stimulation signal recording. The stimulation module uses direct digital synthesis (DDS) technique to generate programmable tDCS, tACS, and tTIS waveforms, with optimized firmware design enabling real-time operation on the microcontroller. Results: Experimental evaluation demonstrated high signal fidelity, with EEG correlation coefficients reaching $99\%$ under controlled conditions and $93.5\%$ on a gelatine head phantom. Stimulation performance showed current errors below $1\%$ across tDCS, tACS, and tTIS modes. The platform also reliably recorded concurrent EEG--tES signals without saturation during high-amplitude and high-frequency stimulation. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that an MCU-centered architecture can effectively support simultaneous EEG sensing and multimodal tES delivery in a compact wearable form factor, while maintaining accurate stimulation and robust signal acquisition. Significance: This work provides a practical foundation for portable closed-loop neuromodulation systems with integrated host software, expanding access to personalized stimulation paradigms, and future point-of-care neurotechnology applications.
