AI 中文总结
该研究提出一种基于纠缠辅助顺序量子随机存取码的设备无关协议，可严格量化非锐化仪器的锐度与不相容性，实验验证其能实现更窄锐度区间，凸显通信在量子信息认证中的资源价值。
AI 中文摘要
非锐化测量是平衡信息获取与干扰任务的关键资源，但在无设备假设下对其进行认证仍是一项挑战。我们提出了一种完全设备无关的非锐化仪器表征协议，该协议基于纠缠辅助的顺序量子随机存取码，其中第一个解码器可将其测量设置传递给第二个解码器。这种通信增强方案创建了一个解码区域，在该区域中，两个解码器均超越了经典界限，从而实现了锐度的严格量化以及超出非通信协议的测量不相容性的直接量化。在实验中，我们利用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪实现了可调非锐化测量，观察到了所预测的解码概率的顺序增强。此外，我们在多个目标锐度值上实现了明显更窄的锐度区间和不相容性量化。我们的结果表明，通信是用于精确认证非锐化仪器以及推进设备无关量子信息协议的强大操作资源。
英文摘要
Unsharp measurements are key resources for tasks that balance information gain and disturbance, but certifying them without device assumptions remains a challenge. We propose a fully device-independent protocol for characterizing unsharp instruments, based on an entanglement-assisted sequential quantum random access code, where the first decoder is allowed to communicate her measurement setting to the second. This communication-enhanced scheme creates a decoding regime in which both decoders surpass classical bounds, enabling tight quantification of sharpness and direct quantification of measurement incompatibility beyond noncommunicating protocols. Experimentally, we implement tunable unsharp measurements using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, observing the predicted sequential enhancement in decoding probability. Additionally, we achieve significantly narrower sharpness intervals and incompatibility quantification across multiple target sharpness values. Our results show that communication is a powerful operational resource for certifying precisely unsharp instruments and advancing device-independent quantum information protocols.
CommentsThis article is an Editors' Suggestion published in Physical Review A, total 8 pages, 5 figures. Copyright 2026 American Physical Society. This manuscript is posted for non-commercial academic use with APS permission
Journal refPhysical Review A 114, 022411 (2026)
