AI 中文总结
本研究推出The Maunder机器学习流水线及星表，利用混合训练目标与保形分位数回归，获取开普勒148746颗主序星的自转周期，解析自转相关现象，助力族群水平研究。
AI 中文摘要
我们推出The Maunder，这是一个机器学习流水线及由此生成的开普勒天区148746颗主序星的自转周期星表。为克服单星表系统误差与模拟-现实差距，我们的架构采用混合训练目标：对所有光变曲线应用联合嵌入自监督损失，结合严格基于跨星表共识标签训练的监督损失。通过在滑动窗口上处理多尺度时域与频域输入，该模型利用保形分位数回归输出校准后的预测区间，为每颗恒星提供统计稳健的自转不确定性指标。这种滑动窗口推理显示，31953颗恒星（占比21.5%）呈现双峰自转信号。结合APOGEE的v sin i测量值，我们证实，对于不同的（非谐波）双峰信号，较长模式代表真实自转，揭示了经典单通带周期图锁定到较短别名的系统性失效模式。通过我们的校准置信区间筛选，得到119428颗高度可靠的恒星子集。该星表解析了多种与自转相关的现象：固定恒星质量下自转的金属丰度依赖性，表明金属丰度在磁制动过程中的作用；追踪克raft break处的赤道速度与比角动量；恢复经验 gyrochronology 序列并在同步双星族群中识别出分层三星候选体。The Maunder为开普勒最大的主序星族群提供了可靠的自转周期，支持对基于自转的现象开展族群水平研究。
英文摘要
We present The Maunder, a machine learning pipeline and resulting catalog of rotation periods for 148,746 main-sequence stars in the Kepler field. To overcome single-catalog systematics and the simulation-to-reality gap, our architecture employs a hybrid training objective: a joint-embedding self-supervised loss applied to all light curves, combined with a supervised loss trained strictly on cross-catalog consensus labels. By processing multi-scale time- and frequency-domain inputs over rolling windows, the model leverages conformalized quantile regression to output calibrated predictive intervals, providing statistically robust per-star rotation uncertainty metrics. This rolling-window inference reveals that 31,953 stars (21.5$\%$) exhibit bimodal rotational signals. By incorporating APOGEE $v \sin i$ measurements, we demonstrate that for distinct (non-harmonic) bimodals, the longer mode represents the true rotation, exposing a systematic failure mode wherein classical single-pass periodograms lock onto shorter aliases. Filtering by our calibrated confidence intervals yields a highly reliable subset of 119,428 stars. The catalog resolves various rotation-related phenomena: the metallicity dependence of rotation at fixed stellar mass, pointing on the role of metallicity in magnetic braking processes; tracing equatorial velocity and specific angular momentum directly across the Kraft break; recovery of empirical gyrochronology sequences and identification of hierarchical triple candidates among the synchronized-binary population. \emph{The Maunder} provides reliable rotation periods for the largest main-sequence population in \textit{Kepler}, allowing for population-level studies of rotation-based phenomena.
