AI 中文总结
该研究针对中子星物态方程难以从头算QCD的问题，建立相关理论并通过经典集群模拟量子计算机，演示了少量粒子的有限化学势QCD计算，有望助力量子计算机结合引力波探测器给出更详细的中子星微观物理预测。
AI 中文摘要
高密度下核物质的物态方程（EoS），尤其是中子星的物态方程，由于有限化学势下格点规范理论臭名昭著的符号问题，难以进行从头算量子色动力学（QCD）计算。采用正则量子化的量子计算机应当能取得实质性进展。我们为未来预测物态方程（进而预测中子星的基本静态可观测量，如质量、半径和潮汐可变形性）的量子计算机设定了一些基本目标。随后，我们建立了相关基础理论，以处理用正则模式表示的外尔（时间轴向）规范下的正则哈密顿量，以及在限于物理福克子空间的能量最小化算法中必需的平方高斯算子$\boldsymbol{\textit{G}}^2$。最后，我们采用通用场论的粒子-量子寄存器编码，在经典集群上模拟量子计算机，以演示有限化学势下少量（3-4个）粒子、适度动量模式的QCD计算。这为有效量子计算机在第三代引力波探测器（如爱因斯坦望远镜）运行的同时，限制中子星的微观物理提供了可能，有望给出比以往更详细的预测。
英文摘要
The Equation of State (EoS) of Nuclear Matter at high densities, and particularly that of neutron stars, resists $\mathit{ab}$ $\mathit{initio}$ Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) computations due to the notorious sign problem of Lattice Gauge Theory at finite chemical potential. A quantum computer deploying QCD in canonical quantization should be able to make substantial progress. We set some basic goals for a future quantum computer to predict the EoS, and thus the basic static observables of the star (mass, radius and Tidal deformability, for example). We then develop the basic theory to address the canonical Hamiltonian in Weyl (time-axial) gauge expressed in normal modes, together with the squared Gauss operator $\mathcal{G}^2$ necessary to execute energy minimization algorithms restricted to the physical Fock subspace. Finally, we deploy our particle-quantum register encoding of a generic field theory to demonstrate QCD at finite chemical potential for a few (three-four) particles with a modest number of momentum modes, by simulating the quantum computer on a classical cluster. This opens the possibility for effective quantum computers to constrain the microscopic physics of neutron stars simultaneously to the operation of third--generation gravitational wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope, providing more detailed predictions than has been possible until now.
Comments16 + 8 pages, 12 figures, 23 tables
