AI 中文总结
该研究利用LHC的ALICE探测器在√s=13.6 TeV的pp碰撞中测量三质子关联函数，提出三强子femtoscopy作为有效3→3散射实验，首次观测到三质子连续谱系统的长程吸引分量，为奇异领域三体动力学研究开辟新途径。
AI 中文摘要
散射实验长期以来一直是约束强子-强子相互作用的黄金标准，能在广泛的运动学构型范围内提供关于角动量和自旋依赖性的直接信息。然而，对三体动力学的实验约束仍然有限，特别是对于未束缚系统以及包含短寿命强子的系统。在本研究中，利用大型强子对撞机（LHC）上的ALICE探测器，在质心系能量√s=13.6 TeV的质子-质子（pp）碰撞中测量了三质子关联函数，并将其作为一种获取三体系统强子相互作用的新方法。采用了一种新的分析策略，通过校正本底道和实验效应来分离关联函数中的p-p-p贡献，从而能够与最先进的三体连续谱计算进行直接比较。提取的关联函数首次直接获取了同位旋3/2的三体系统。测量的可观测量对核子-核子相互作用的分波结构敏感，表明核相互作用甚至在三体系统的高角动量和宇称态下也会起作用，揭示了一种有效的长程吸引分量，这是在三质子连续谱系统中首次通过实验观测到的。因此，三强子 femtoscopy 作为一种初始和末态均包含三个未束缚强子的有效3→3散射实验出现。现代高能对撞机中超子的大量产生确保了将此类测量扩展到核子之外的可能性，为奇异领域三体动力学的未来精确研究开辟了新途径。
英文摘要
Scattering experiments have long been the gold standard for constraining hadron$-$hadron interactions, providing direct information on the angular momentum and spin dependence over a wide range of kinematic configurations. However, experimental constraints on three-body dynamics remain limited, specifically for unbound systems and systems involving short-lived hadrons. In this work, the three-proton correlation function is measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC and presented as a novel approach to access hadronic interactions in three-body systems. A new analysis strategy is employed to isolate the p$-$p$-$p contribution to the correlation function by correcting for background channels and experimental effects, and enabling a direct comparison with state-of-the-art three-body continuum calculations. The extracted correlation function provides the first direct access to the isospin $3/2$ three-body system. The measured observable is found to be sensitive to the partial-wave structure of the nucleon$-$nucleon interaction and indicates that the nuclear interaction acts even at high angular momentum and parity states of the three-body system, revealing an effective long-range attractive component, observed experimentally for the first time in a three-proton continuum system. Hence, three-hadron femtoscopy emerges as an effective 3$\rightarrow$3 scattering experiment with three unbound hadrons in initial and final states. The copious production of hyperons at the modern high-energy colliders ensures the possibility of extending such measurements beyond nucleons, opening a new avenue for future precision studies of three-body dynamics in the strangeness sector.
Comments28 pages, 7 captioned figures, authors from page 23, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/13447
