迈向失眠的动态分类学：睡眠状态转换与结构异常的多轴框架
Toward a Dynamical Taxonomy of Insomnia: A Multiaxial Framework for Sleep-State Transitions and Architectural Failure
AI总结：
本研究提出多轴动态框架，以失效的动态运作等为候选特征，用于失眠的分类，其可改善交流、分层与预测，框架为现象学组织模型而非新诊断系统。
AI中文摘要：
失眠障碍在综合征层面定义，但相似的主诉可能源于睡眠调节、状态转换、状态稳定、空间募集、结构序列及状态感知等不同异常。我们提出一种多轴动态框架，其主要贡献在于组织性：候选特征由失效的动态运作、失效发生的睡眠阶段或边界及其因果状态确定。客观睡眠时长、年龄、昼夜节律时相、共病、药物暴露及夜-夜变异性属于修正/协变量维度，而非额外的机制类别。采用自先前皮层与睡眠动力学研究的局部朗道-金兹堡形式主义，为嵌套假设提供现象学语言。其弛豫形式仅适用于近似梯度描述下的边界局部动力学；非梯度逃逸需作用量或准势处理，而整夜快速眼动（REM）-非快速眼动（NREM）序列需反应或振荡动力学。常规多导睡眠图通常识别有效组合，而非曲率、逃逸作用、偏置、噪声及弛豫的单独情况。最强的边界层面证据涉及睡眠起始，已发表结果与分岔样或双稳态动力学一致，但尚未排除稳态-昼夜节律斜坡产生的驱动平滑转换。其余运作类别为生成假设的扩展。该分类学依据实用效用评判，包括改善交流、分层及预测；标量场实现与特定动态特征可分别证伪。该框架是现象学组织模型，而非新诊断、验证生物标志物或治疗选择系统。
英文摘要：
Insomnia disorder is defined at the syndrome level, yet similar complaints can arise from different abnormalities in sleep regulation, state transition, state stabilization, spatial recruitment, architectural sequencing, and state perception. We propose a multiaxial dynamical framework whose principal contribution is organizational: a candidate profile is specified by the dynamical operation that fails, the sleep stage or boundary at which it fails, and its causal status. Objective sleep duration, age, circadian phase, comorbidity, medication exposure, and night-to-night variability are modifier/covariate dimensions rather than additional mechanistic classes. A local Landau-Ginzburg formalism, adopted from prior cortical and sleep-dynamics work, supplies a phenomenological language for nested hypotheses. Its relaxational form applies only to boundary-local dynamics under an approximate gradient description; non-gradient escape requires an action or quasipotential treatment, and whole-night REM-NREM sequencing requires reactive or oscillatory dynamics. Routine polysomnography usually identifies effective combinations rather than curvature, escape action, bias, noise, and relaxation separately. The strongest boundary-level evidence concerns sleep onset, where published results are consistent with bifurcation-like or bistable dynamics but do not yet exclude a driven smooth transition produced by the homeostatic-circadian ramp. The remaining operation classes are hypothesis-generating extensions. The taxonomy is judged by pragmatic utility, including improved communication, stratification, and prediction; the scalar-field implementation and specific dynamical profiles are separately falsifiable. The framework is a phenomenological organizing model rather than a new diagnosis, validated biomarker, or treatment-selection system.
