AI 中文总结
该研究针对高细胞密度下断层体积生物打印的光散射问题，结合计算光优化与折射率匹配策略，实现高保真打印，拓展了该技术在功能组织工程中的应用
AI 中文摘要
断层体积增材制造已成为一种可快速制备复杂几何结构的变革性3D打印技术，由于其非接触式操作和仅需数十秒的短加工时间，在生物打印领域具有显著优势。然而，生物树脂中存在的高细胞密度（>10^7 cells mL-1）会引入严重的光散射，降低打印分辨率和保真度，阻碍血管通道和空腔等具有生物学意义的微结构的制备。为解决这一挑战，我们利用基于物理的逆渲染的计算图案化框架，优化散射环境中的光传输。该方法通过模拟载细胞水凝胶中的光-物质相互作用，迭代优化断层投影，实现对散射效应的精确补偿。实验结果表明，该方法在2*10^7 cells mL-1的条件下可制备直径500μm的血管通道。此外，我们将该计算方法与折射率匹配策略相结合，通过最小化细胞与水凝胶基质之间的光学失配，减少散射伪影，实现了在4.1*10^7 cells mL-1条件下的打印。这两种策略的兼容性使浑浊生物树脂中的打印保真度达到前所未有的水平，该进展拓展了断层体积增材制造在制备具有复杂微结构的功能组织方面的应用范围。
英文摘要
Tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative 3D printing technology for rapidly fabricating complex geometries. It offers significant advantages for bioprinting due to its contactless and short process time (a few tens of seconds). However, the presence of high cell densities ($>10^7$ cells mL-1) in bioresins introduces substantial light scattering, which degrades printing resolution and fidelity, hindering the fabrication of biologically relevant microstructures such as vascular channels and cavities. To address this challenge, we utilize a computational patterning framework leveraging physically based inverse rendering to optimize light delivery in scattering environments. This method iteratively refines tomographic projections by simulating light-matter interactions in cell-laden hydrogels, enabling precise compensation for scattering effects. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves 500 $μm$ diameter vascular channels at $2*10^7$ cells mL-1. Furthermore, we integrate this computational method with refractive index matching strategies, reducing scattering artifacts by minimizing optical mismatch between cells and the hydrogel matrix, enabling printing at $4.1*10^7$ cells mL-1. The compatibility of these dual strategies enables unprecedented print fidelity in turbid bioresins. This advancement expands the scope of tomographic volumetric additive manufacturing for engineering functional tissues with intricate microarchitectures.
Comments23 pages, 5 figures
