AI 中文总结
本研究通过声悬浮粒子碰撞实验，证实同种绝缘粒子对的累积电荷演化符合摩擦起电电容器模型，为理解同种材料绝缘粒子的摩擦起电机制提供了实验依据。
AI 中文摘要
同种材料绝缘粒子间的摩擦起电机制仍是非平衡物理学中的一个开放问题，已有多个相互竞争的模型用于解释观测到的起电行为。本研究在由两个声悬浮粒子构成的极简系统中，探究其重复二元碰撞过程中的电荷演化；为量化粒子电荷转移，研发并校准了专用的法拉第笼皮安计，使用MultiLev声悬浮系统结合Ultraino模拟生成换能器控制信号，实现聚苯乙烯（PS）粒子的可控碰撞与分离。尽管单次碰撞事件表现出由偏态正态分布描述的随机电荷转移，但研究首次证实，单个声悬浮粒子对的累积电荷演化遵循摩擦起电电容器模型预测的饱和行为，拟合优度R²>0.99；相同条件下，导电石墨涂层PS粒子也会发生电荷转移，但积累的电荷显著更少，与导电材料预期的独特起电行为一致。
英文摘要
The mechanisms governing triboelectric charging between insulating particles of the same material remain an open question in nonequilibrium physics, with several competing models proposed to explain observed charging behaviour. Here, we investigate charge evolution in a minimal system consisting of two acoustically levitated particles undergoing repeated binary collisions. To quantify particle charge transfer, purpose-built Faraday cage picoammeters were developed and calibrated. The MultiLev acoustic levitation system was used alongside Ultraino simulations to generate transducer control signals, enabling controlled collision and separation of polystyrene (PS) particles. Although individual collision events exhibit stochastic charge transfer, described by skew-normal distributions, we demonstrate for the first time that the cumulative charge evolution of an individual acoustically levitated particle pair follows the saturation behaviour predicted by the condenser model of triboelectric charging, with fits achieving $R^2 > 0.99$. Under identical conditions, conductive graphite-coated PS particles also undergo charge transfer, but accumulate substantially less charge, consistent with the distinct charging behaviour expected for conductive materials.
CommentsSubmitted to Physical Review E
