发表机构
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research; Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt; Technical University Darmstadt（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所; 维尔茨堡-施韦因富特应用技术大学; 达姆施塔特工业大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究针对三维重建提出基于场景射线预测的相机标定框架，采用重建与相交误差等指标，设计二十面体标定靶标，提升了标定精度，发现重投影误差可能误导三维精度评估。
AI 中文摘要
在三维重建中，相机标定是实现重建几何高保真度和高精度的关键环节。现有方法依赖二维平面标定，而本研究针对三维重建提出了一种基于场景射线预测的框架，为重建流程增加了灵活性，并支持采用最新的相机模型进展。研究人员采用从预测场景射线推导的新型指标——重建误差与相交误差，结合自举程序，对相机内参和外参的不同标定靶标及标定流程进行统计评估。结果表明，广义畸变模型能更忠实地反映物理相机效应，提升了标定精度；重投影误差被证实可能是三维精度的误导性指标，而所提基于射线的指标能提供更全面的评估。此外，研究人员设计了一种二十面体标定靶标，结合基于环形特征的检测器，为三维重建丰富标定信息。在合成数据的自举试验中，二十面体靶标的平均相交误差降低了约40%，且标定结果更稳定；不过其实际数据性能对制造公差要求极高。
英文摘要
In 3D reconstruction, camera calibration is an essential element for achieving high fidelity and accuracy of the reconstructed geometry. While existing approaches rely upon 2D planar calibration, this work proposes a framework tailored for 3D reconstruction that is based on predicting scene rays, which adds flexibility to the reconstruction pipeline and enables the use of recent advances in camera models. Novel metrics, reconstruction and intersection error, derived from predicted scene rays are employed in combination with a bootstrapping procedure that statistically evaluates different calibration objects and calibration pipelines for both intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters. The results show that the generalized distortion model more faithfully captures physical camera effects and yields an improvement in calibration accuracy. Reprojection error is shown to be a potentially misleading indicator of 3D accuracy, and the proposed ray-based metrics provide a more holistic assessment. An icosahedron calibration target is designed to enrich calibration information for 3D reconstruction together with a ring-feature-based detector. The icosahedral target yields approximately 40% lower mean intersection and more stable calibration across bootstrap trials on synthetic data, while real-data performance demands very tight fabrication tolerances.
Comments16 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. To appear in the proceedings of Computer Graphics International (CGI 2026)
