AI 中文总结
本文基于去中心化PoL理论，用低成本硬件构建物理原型，通过见证区域实现了可检测攻击的低延迟准确位置证明，为数字信任基础设施提供了实验基线。
AI 中文摘要
数字服务越来越依赖于人、设备或资产在特定时间处于特定地点的声明。如今，这些声明往往依赖于自报告的位置数据，该数据易于伪造且事后难以验证。位置证明（Proof-of-Location, PoL）系统通过将在场声明转化为独立验证者可后续检查的证据，填补了这一空白。本文基于近期关于去中心化PoL架构的理论研究，展示了如何将其从仿真阶段推进到使用低成本硬件构建的物理原型。我们实现了一个见证区域，其中固定的附近设备测量证明者的在场情况，通过本地网格交换声明，并将其记录在防篡改账本中。构建该原型需要通过见证者发起的测距、跨见证者一致性检查以及针对重放的新鲜度绑定，将抽象协议适配到物理约束。我们的受控室内评估表明，该系统可生成准确、低延迟的证明对象，同时检测模拟重放和恶意测距攻击。该成果为下一代数字信任基础设施提供了可复用的实验基线，明确了去中心化位置证据仍需满足的校准、验证者独立性、无线电完整性和可扩展性要求，在此背景下，可在真实无线电、网络和时序条件下独立核验物理在场声明。
英文摘要
Digital services increasingly rely on claims that a person, device, or asset was in a specific place at a specific time. Today, those claims often depend on self-reported location data, which is easy to falsify and difficult to verify after the fact. Proof-of-Location (PoL) systems address this gap by turning presence claims into evidence that an independent verifier can later inspect. This paper builds upon recent theoretical work on decentralized PoL architectures and demonstrates how they can move from emulation to a physical prototype built with low-cost hardware. We implement a witnessing zone in which fixed nearby devices measure a prover's presence, exchange claims over a local mesh, and record them in a tamper-evident ledger. Building the prototype required adapting the abstract protocol to physical constraints through witness-initiated ranging, cross-witness consistency checks, and freshness binding against replay. Our controlled indoor evaluation shows that the system can produce accurate, low-latency proof objects while detecting simulated replay and malicious-ranging attacks. The result is a reusable experimental baseline for next-generation digital trust infrastructure, that exposes the remaining calibration, verifier-independence, radio-integrity, and scaling requirements for decentralized location evidence, where physical presence claims can be independently checked under real radio, networking, and timing conditions.
Comments14 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. Accepted at the CBI & EDOC 2026 Forum; to appear in the Springer LNBIP post-proceedings
