发表机构
Kiel University; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（基尔大学; 耶拿弗里德里希·席勒大学; 马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所; 日本国立天文台）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用JWST观测数据，通过3D MCRT模拟结合HST数据，确定原行星盘d216-0939雪线外尘埃含5.4%结晶水冰，需物质向外传输，散射与热尘埃发射对水冰吸收区域总流量贡献显著。
AI 中文摘要
岩质行星的组成取决于其诞生的原行星盘（PPD）中的尘埃，而原行星盘可能包含水冰。猎户座星云星团（ONC）中的原行星盘d216-0939已被检测到存在结晶水冰。本研究旨在利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）采集的波长约3μm的水冰吸收特征的最新观测数据，约束d216-0939盘中水冰的空间分布和结晶状态。我们开展三维蒙特卡罗辐射传输（MCRT）模拟，通过将计算得到的1.6至24μm波长范围内的光谱与JWST的近红外光谱仪（NIRSpec）和中红外仪器（MIRI）观测到的光谱能量分布（SED）进行拟合，来约束吸积盘模型的自由参数。此外，存档的空间分辨哈勃空间望远镜（HST）观测数据被用于约束盘的整体空间结构，因为参数空间对SED拟合存在简并性。随后，我们采用结合光谱重要性采样的多色蒙特卡罗辐射传输模拟拟合水冰吸收特征，以生成高光谱分辨率的合成观测结果。通过探测盘的上层和外层，我们发现，尘埃中含有5.4%结晶水冰的原行星盘模型在雪线之外能很好地拟合观测结果，这需要物质的向外传输，因为结晶冰不太可能在被探测到的盘层中原位形成。在水冰吸收特征的光谱区域，散射和热尘埃发射均对总流量有显著贡献。
英文摘要
The composition of rocky planets depends on the dust in their natal protoplanetary disk (PPD), potentially containing water ice. Crystalline water ice was detected in the PPD d216-0939 in the Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC). We aim at constraining the spatial distribution and crystallization state of water ice in the d216-0939 disk using recent observations of the water ice absorption feature at a wavelength of $\sim 3\mathrm{μm}$ collected with JWST. We perform 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) simulations to constrain the free parameters of an accretion disk model by fitting the calculated spectrum in the wavelength range from $1.6 \text{ to } 24\mathrm{μm}$ to the spectral energy distribution (SED) observed with the JWST instruments NIRSpec and MIRI. Additionally, archival, spatially resolved HST observations were used to constrain the global spatial structure of the disk, as the parameter space is degenerate with respect to the fit to the SED. Successively, we fit the water ice absorption feature using polychromatic MCRT simulations with spectral importance sampling to produce synthetic observations at high spectral resolutions. By probing the upper and outer disk layers, we found that a PPD model with dust containing 5.4% crystallized water ice beyond the snowline fits the observations well, necessitating outward transport of material, since crystalline ice is unlikely to form in situ in the probed disk layers. In the spectral region of the water ice absorption feature, scattering and thermal dust emission both contribute significantly to the total flux.
Comments12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Journal refA&A 714, A26 (2026)
DOI：10.1051/0004-6361/202660082
