AI 中文总结
本研究提出基于受扰本征态淬火的单一本征态诊断方法，通过一维自旋链基准测试验证其可区分ETH满足与违反的本征态，为单一本征态层面的ETH探测提供实验可行手段。
AI 中文摘要
我们提出并数值验证了一种基于受扰本征态淬火协议的高效单一本征态诊断方法，用于检验本征态热化假说（ETH）。通过对能量本征态引入弱随机扰动以打破其定态性，我们将子系统演化的时间平均速度表征为子系统与总系统尺寸之比的函数。该诊断方法依赖于一种稳健的定性区分：满足ETH的本征态呈现S形曲线，在接近系统尺寸一半处有明显拐点；而违反ETH的本征态则呈现凸J形轮廓。我们在涵盖混沌、可积、多体局域化和量子多体疤痕 regime 的典型一维自旋链上对该判据进行了基准测试，获得了与已确立的热化现象学完全一致的结果。我们的方法规避了显式构造热系综的需求，提供了一种在单一本征态层面探测本征态热化的稳健、实验可行的手段。
英文摘要
We propose and numerically validate an efficient single-eigenstate diagnostic for the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) based on a perturbed eigenstate quench protocol. By introducing a weak random perturbation to an energy eigenstate to break its stationarity, we characterize the time-averaged subsystem evolution speed as a function of the subsystem-to-total system size ratio. The diagnostic relies on a robust qualitative distinction: eigenstates satisfying ETH exhibit an S-shaped curve with a clear inflection point near half the system size, while ETH-violating eigenstates display a convex J-shaped profile. We benchmark the criterion across paradigmatic one-dimensional spin chains covering chaotic, integrable, many-body localized, and quantum many-body scar regimes, obtaining full agreement with established thermalization phenomenology. Our method circumvents the need for explicit thermal ensemble construction, providing a robust, experimentally feasible probe of eigenstate thermalization at the single-eigenstate level.
Comments6 pages, 3 figures
