AI 中文总结
该研究构建了70千克的液态氙探测器MOTION，用于研究高压技术相关挑战，为下一代暗物质探测器的设计与运行提供关键依据
AI 中文摘要
XLZD观测站是一项下一代实验，旨在使用60-80吨的液态氙时间投影室（TPC）寻找弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMPs）及其他稀有事件。该探测器的目标是达到覆盖整个WIMP参数空间直至中微子本底的灵敏度，确立这类暗物质搜寻范式的终极灵敏度。这一史无前例的规模带来了重大工程挑战，推动其运行进入基本未探索的领域：超纯环境下高压（HV）系统、液态氙与导电材料之间的相互作用。为系统研究这些挑战，我们构建了MOTION，一款70千克的液态氙（LXe）探测器，专门用于研究最高200千伏（负极性）下的高压性能与静电现象。我们描述了实验基础设施的设计与建造，包括低温系统、氙气纯化与存储。MOTION可对LXe中的介电击穿开展受控研究，实现对放电机制及其与电极几何结构、表面状态和施加电压的依赖关系的系统表征。该探测器还支持研究经各种表面处理后电极的场致发射与光致发射，并为验证由放射性纯净材料制成的高压馈通的设计提供平台。这些研究的见解对确保下一代暗物质探测器所需的运行稳定性、放射性纯净度与可扩展性至关重要。
英文摘要
The XLZD observatory is a next-generation experiment designed to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and other rare events using a 60-80 tonne liquid xenon time projection chamber (TPC). This detector aims to achieve sensitivity across the full WIMP parameter space down to the neutrino fog, establishing the ultimate sensitivity for this dark matter search paradigm. This unprecedented scale introduces substantial engineering challenges and pushes operation into largely unexplored regimes: the interplay between high-voltage (HV) systems, liquid xenon, and conducting materials in ultra-pure environments. To systematically investigate these challenges, we have built MOTION, a 70 kg LXe detector dedicated to understanding HV performance and electrostatic phenomena up to 200 kV (negative polarity). We describe the design and construction of the experimental infrastructure, including the cryogenic system, xenon purification and storage. MOTION enables controlled studies of dielectric breakdown in LXe, permitting systematic characterization of discharge mechanisms and their dependence on electrode geometry, surface condition, and applied voltage. The detector also facilitates investigations of field emission and photoemission from electrodes following various surface treatments, and provides a platform for validating the design of an HV feedthrough constructed from radiopure materials. The insights from these studies are essential for ensuring the operational stability, radiopurity, and scalability required for next-generation dark matter detectors.
