AI 中文总结
该研究通过无网格有限质量法模拟含恒星潮汐力与科里奥利力的巨型撞击，发现恒星扰动会形成近岩质行星周围系外卫星的形成瓶颈，抑制其形成，重塑了系外卫星分布的预期。
AI 中文摘要
岩质系外行星周围的大质量卫星被认为是巨型撞击的产物，但目前尚未有任何系外卫星得到可靠证实。我们采用无网格有限质量法，在局部共转参考系中对轨道周期为1至300天、包含恒星潮汐力与科里奥利力的分化岩质行星间的巨型撞击进行模拟，并将这些模拟结果与孤立条件下的相同撞击进行对比。研究发现，恒星扰动对卫星形成盘施加了严重的形成阶段瓶颈：极短周期撞击几乎不会留下幸存的行星周盘，而10天周期系统仅保留高度耗竭、径向截断且动力学致密的盘；近轨道行星预期的高撞击速度对盘的形成具有毁灭性影响，而逆行撞击可略微弥补盘质量的损耗。这些结果表明，恒星扰动会抑制近岩质行星周围的系外卫星形成，重塑了对系外卫星分布的预期。
英文摘要
Massive moons around rocky exoplanets are expected outcomes of giant impacts, yet no exomoon has been securely confirmed. We address this problem using meshless finite-mass simulations of giant impacts between differentiated rocky planets that include stellar tidal and Coriolis forces in a local co-rotating frame for orbital periods of 1--300 days, and compare these simulations with otherwise identical collisions in isolation. We find that stellar perturbations impose a severe formation-stage bottleneck on moon-forming disks. Ultra-short-period impacts leave essentially no surviving circumplanetary disk, whereas 10-day systems retain only strongly depleted, radially truncated, and dynamically compact disks. High impact velocities, expected for close-in planets, are devastating for disk generation, while retrograde impacts can slightly compensate for disk mass depletion. These results show that stellar perturbations can suppress exomoon formation around close-in rocky planets, reshaping expectations for the demographics of exomoons.
Comments18 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables; submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Letters
