AI 中文总结
Life 2.0是可扩展分布式空间望远镜阵列，结合900台1米级空间望远镜，以单次凌日灵敏度为核心，为类地行星生物特征光谱学提供替代方案，依托JWST技术实现。
AI 中文摘要
回答“我们是否孤独？”这一问题需要对附近类地行星进行大气光谱分析。对于地球-太阳类似系统，即使是最强的透射信号预计也仅约为百万分之一（ppm）。与短周期行星不同，类地行星（Earth 2.0）每年仅凌日一次，因此单次凌日灵敏度而非多次观测叠加是核心设计驱动因素。Life 2.0是一项可扩展的空间任务概念，它将由PLATO任务和类地行星（Earth 2.0，ET）任务发现的类地行星候选体，与大气特征表征及生物特征评估相结合。其基线架构包含900台1米级空间望远镜，每台均配备高吞吐量波导集成微型光谱仪及超低读出噪声CMOS探测器。经独立校准后，凌日期间同步获取的光谱会被合并，在选定光谱分辨率下提供等效约30米口径望远镜的光子收集能力，同时保留模块化架构。基线0.2-1.05μm波段覆盖臭氧（O₃）、氧气（O₂）、水（H₂O）、瑞利散射及其他诊断指标，随着探测器技术成熟可向红外波段扩展。原型波导光谱透镜器件已在分辨率R~200至R~20000范围内实现40%-66%的吞吐量。轻质碳化硅反射镜与亚电子噪声CMOS探测器支持批量生产。Life 2.0需解决探测器系统误差、仪器稳定性及恒星变异性问题，它并未假设这些限制会消失，而是依托詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜（JWST）时代发展的校准、探测器表征及数据分析技术。该概念为单块30米级空间望远镜提供了可扩展替代方案，也为附近类地行星的生物特征光谱学提供了分阶段实现路径。
英文摘要
Answering the question "Are we alone?" requires atmospheric spectroscopy of nearby terrestrial planets. For an Earth--Sun analog, even the strongest transmission signals are expected to be of order 1 part per million (ppm). Unlike short-period planets, Earth 2.0 planets transit only about once per year, so single-transit sensitivity, rather than stacking repeated observations, is the fundamental design driver. Life 2.0 is a scalable space-mission concept linking Earth 2.0 candidates discovered by PLATO and the Earth 2.0 (ET) mission with atmospheric characterization and biosignature assessment. The baseline architecture comprises 900 one-meter space telescopes, each equipped with a high-throughput Waveguide Integrated Miniature Spectrograph and an ultra-low-read-noise CMOS detector. After independent calibration, spectra acquired simultaneously during a transit are combined, providing the photon-collecting capability of an approximately 30-m aperture at the selected spectral resolution while retaining a modular architecture. The baseline 0.2--1.05 $μ$m range covers O$_3$, O$_2$, H$_2$O, Rayleigh scattering, and other diagnostics, with extension into the infrared as detector technologies mature. Prototype Waveguide Spectral Lens devices have demonstrated 40--66\% throughput at resolving powers from $R \sim 200$ to $R \sim 20{,}000$. Lightweight silicon-carbide mirrors and sub-electron-noise CMOS detectors support replicated production. Life 2.0 must address detector systematics, instrument stability, and stellar variability; rather than assuming these limitations disappear, it builds on calibration, detector-characterization, and data-analysis techniques advanced during the JWST era. The concept offers a scalable alternative to a monolithic 30-m-class space telescope and a staged pathway toward biosignature spectroscopy of nearby Earth-like planets.
Comments12 pages, 7 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026, Paper 14145-116; submitted to Proceedings of SPIE
