AI 中文总结
本研究通过系统文献综述分析40项相关研究，发现微服务能效多聚焦运行时优化，设计时集成不足，测量依赖基础设施导向的方法，需加强架构层面的早期集成。
AI 中文摘要
背景：微服务架构被广泛用于构建可扩展的云原生系统，支持独立部署、细粒度服务组合和运营弹性。问题：尽管对可持续软件的兴趣日益增长，但微服务能效的研究涉及运营、基础设施和架构视角，却通常被孤立处理。现有研究聚焦于优化技术或测量方法，却很少综合探讨在架构层面如何考虑、测量和解决能效问题。目标：本研究通过考察能效被考虑的场景、测量方式及已提出的架构解决方案，综合微服务能效的相关研究。方法：遵循Kitchenham指南开展系统文献综述，通过六阶段流程及回溯与向前滚雪球法筛选四大数字图书馆的出版物，最终得到40项主要研究。结果：能效主要在运行时通过监控、调度和资源管理解决，而设计时的集成仍有限；测量实践以基础设施为导向，依赖基于模型的估计和粗粒度监控。结论：微服务能效主要被视为运营优化问题，而非贯穿生命周期的架构问题，凸显了早期架构集成和改进测量实践的必要性。
英文摘要
Context. Microservice architectures are widely adopted for building scalable cloud-native systems, enabling independent deployment, fine-grained service composition, and operational elasticity. Problem. Despite growing interest in sustainable software, research on energy efficiency in microservices spans operational, infrastructural, and architectural perspectives, but these are typically addressed in isolation. Existing studies focus on optimisation techniques or measurement approaches, with limited synthesis of how energy efficiency is considered, measured, and addressed at the architectural level. Goal. This study synthesises research on energy-efficient microservices by examining where energy efficiency is considered, how it is measured, and which architectural solutions have been proposed. Method. We conduct a systematic literature review following Kitchenham's guidelines, screening publications from four major digital libraries through a six-stage process with backward and forward snowballing, resulting in 40 primary studies. Results. Energy efficiency is predominantly addressed at runtime through monitoring, scheduling, and resource management, while design-time integration remains limited. Measurement practices are largely infrastructure-oriented and rely on model-based estimation and coarse-grained monitoring. Conclusion. Energy efficiency in microservices is primarily treated as an operational optimisation problem rather than a lifecycle-spanning architectural concern, highlighting the need for earlier architectural integration and improved measurement practices.
