AI 中文总结
该研究发现颗粒碰撞可产生离子并形成电荷云，通过实验量化了玻璃珠碰撞的离子量，表明颗粒碰撞是多种大气中离子的重要来源。
AI 中文摘要
当两个固体颗粒碰撞时会发生电荷交换，且这种电荷转移不仅限于颗粒表面，离子还会扩散到周围环境中，在颗粒周围形成电荷云。由此，从地球火山羽流、系外行星大气到原行星盘等所有含颗粒的大气，都可能因颗粒碰撞发生气相电离。在实验室实验中，我们量化了直径2.8毫米的玻璃珠碰撞产生的离子量，通过施加外部静电场提取离子并测量产生的电流，在0.3毫巴至100毫巴的所有研究压力下均检测到离子，但电离率在约1毫巴时达到峰值。按单次弹跳碰撞换算，每种极性的电荷高达1皮库，这表明颗粒碰撞可能是各种大气中离子的重要来源。
英文摘要
If two solid particles collide, charge is exchanged. However, this transfer is not restricted to the surface of the particle. Ions are also dispersed into the environment. They form a charge cloud around the particle. In this way, all particle-laden atmospheres from volcanic plumes on Earth over exoplanet atmospheres to protoplanetary disks might be subject to gas-phase ionization by means of particle collisions. In laboratory experiments, we quantify the amount of ions produced in a collision of glass beads with 2.8 mm diameter. We extract the ions by applying an external electrostatic field and measuring the generated current. The ions are detected at all the pressures studied, i.e. from 0.3 mbar to 100 mbar. However, the ionization rate peaks at about 1 mbar. Scaled to individual bouncing collisions, charge as high as 1 pC of each polarity was detected. This implies collisions of grains can be a significant source of ions in various atmospheres.
Comments8 pages, 6 figures
