带低温冷却的台式几飞秒宽带极紫外吸收光谱仪
A table-top few-femtosecond broadband extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectrometer with cryogenic cooling
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文研发了带低温冷却的台式几飞秒宽带极紫外吸收光谱仪，可用于量子材料的温度依赖与时间分辨研究，通过NiI₂实验验证了其能捕捉飞秒尺度电子响应的能力，为强关联体系研究提供了新工具。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们展示了一种台式低温超快宽带极紫外（XUV）吸收光谱（c-UBXAS）光束线，专为量子材料的温度依赖和时间分辨研究设计。该仪器结合了覆盖22-73 eV的宽带高次谐波产生源、自动图像配准功能以及可降至20 K的低温样品控制，能够在平衡态和非平衡态条件下开展元素特异性测量。该光束线提供低于50 meV的能量分辨率和低于10 fs的仪器响应函数，同时保持长期稳定性，适用于长时间、超高灵敏度的测量。对范德华多铁材料二碘化镍（NiI₂）的基准实验显示，其在磁相变过程中存在温度依赖的光谱演化，证明了该仪器可识别元素对基态及飞秒尺度瞬态响应的特异性贡献。该仪器为揭示固态材料在光-物质相互作用中的初始响应提供了可能，为理解强关联体系中非平衡动力学和涌现态的复杂相空间铺平了道路，而几飞秒的电子响应是大多数其他时间分辨技术无法捕捉的。
英文摘要
We present a table-top cryogenic ultrafast broadband XUV absorption spectroscopy (c-UBXAS) beamline designed for temperature-dependent and time-resolved investigations of quantum materials. The instrument combines a broadband high-harmonic generation source spanning 22-73 eV with automated image registration and cryogenic sample control down to 20 K, enabling element-specific measurements under both equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. The beamline provides sub-50-meV energy resolution and a sub-10-fs instrument response function, while maintaining long-term stability suitable for extended, ultrasensitive measurements. Benchmark experiments on NiI$_2$, a van der Waals multiferroic, reveal temperature-dependent spectral evolution across its magnetic phase transitions, demonstrating the ability to identify element-specific contributions to the ground state and its transient response in the femtosecond regime. This instrument introduces the opportunity to unravel the very first response of a solid-state material during light-matter interaction, paving the way for understanding the complex phase space of nonequilibrium dynamics and emergent states in strongly correlated systems where the few-femtosecond electronic response has eluded most other types of time-resolved techniques.
