反应延迟在活性景观中促进、校正并逆转运动性
Reaction Delays Boost, Rectify, and Reverse Motility in Activity Landscapes
AI总结：
该研究发现延迟速度适应（延迟运动性）可打破活性景观的细致平衡，通过延迟时间调控实现定向输运、扩散增强甚至电流逆转，为活性物质自主控制提供了通用实验机制。
AI中文摘要：
局部细致平衡限制了静态活性景观中自驱动产生的输运。我们表明，延迟的速度适应（“延迟运动性/运动反应”）会普遍打破这种对称性，在非对称周期性运动轮廓中诱导定向输运，在对称轮廓中增强扩散。这些效应适用于跑 tumble、主动布朗和惯性主动粒子，无需势相互作用、壁、外加梯度、高维或平移扩散。其大小甚至电流逆转可通过延迟时间便捷调控，这确立了延迟运动性作为一种通用、可实验实现的机制，用于活性物质回路中的自主自导向和输运控制。
英文摘要：
Local detailed balance restricts transport by self-propulsion in static activity landscapes. We show that a delayed speed adaptation (``delayed motility/kinesis'') generically breaks this symme try, inducing directed transport in asymmetric periodic motility profiles and enhancing diffusion in symmetric ones. Both effects occur for run-and-tumble, active Brownian, and inertial active particles, without requiring potential interactions, walls, imposed gradients, higher dimensions, or translational diffusion. Their magnitudes, and even current reversals, are conveniently tuned via the delay time, which establishes delayed motility as a versatile generic and experimentally accessible mechanism for autonomous self-steering and transport control in motile-active-matter circuity.
