面向捏合天线系统的耦合模理论（CMT）感知信道建模与发射功率最小化
CMT-Aware Channel Modeling and Transmit-Power Minimization for Pinching-Antenna Systems
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文针对多用户捏合天线系统，提出CMT感知的定向损耗信道模型，构建QoS约束的功率最小化问题，采用BPSO与ZF排序优化配置，仿真验证其可平衡发射功率性能与部署复杂度。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文从耦合模理论（CMT）视角研究多用户捏合天线系统（PAS）的发射功率最小化问题。现有基于CMT的捏合天线（PA）研究揭示了耦合引发的功率交换与辐射行为，但这些效应尚未被完全融入系统级多PA信道建模与波束成形设计中。因此，本文开发了一种定向且考虑损耗的信道模型，该模型可捕获与耦合长度相关的功率提取，以及由波导内衰减和上游提取导致的下游导波功率降低。该模型表明，PA设计应同时考虑定向辐射和导波功率演化，而非仅考虑多数现有研究所关注的传播距离或最大耦合。基于此信道模型，本文针对连续PA定位和有限码本激活，构建了服务质量（QoS）约束的功率最小化问题。对于每个候选耦合长度，基于元素级定位和BPSO的激活采用闭式迫零（ZF）功率指标进行低复杂度配置排序，从而避免重复的波束成形优化，同时排除秩亏候选并对剩余候选进行排序。随后，通过最优固定配置QoS波束成形评估每个耦合长度的选定配置。仿真结果表明，考虑CMT的建模从根本上改变了优选的PA配置；由于下游PA贡献被抑制，最大耦合并非始终具有功率效率；有限码本激活与基于ZF的排序相结合，可在发射功率性能与部署复杂度之间取得平衡。
英文摘要
This letter investigates transmit-power minimization for multiuser pinching-antenna system (PAS) from a coupled-mode-theory (CMT)-aware perspective. Existing CMT-based pinching antenna (PA) studies reveal coupling-induced power exchange and radiation behavior, but these effects have not been fully embedded into system-level multi-PA channel modeling and beamforming design. We therefore develop a directional and loss-aware channel model that captures coupling-length-dependent power extraction and the downstream guided-power reduction caused by in-waveguide attenuation and upstream extraction. The model shows that PA design should account for both directional radiation and guided-power evolution, rather than only propagation distance or maximum coupling considered in most existing works. Based on this channel model, we formulate a quality-of-service (QoS)-constrained power minimization problem for continuous PA positioning and finite-codebook activation. For each candidate coupling length, the element-wise positioning and BPSO-based activation use a closed-form zero-forcing (ZF) power metric for low-complexity configuration ranking, thereby avoiding repeated beamforming optimization while excluding rank-deficient candidates and ordering the remaining ones. The selected configuration for each coupling length is then evaluated by optimal fixed-configuration QoS beamforming. Simulation results demonstrate that CMT-aware modeling fundamentally reshapes the preferred PA configuration, maximum coupling is not always power-efficient due to suppressed downstream PA contributions, and finite-codebook activation combined with ZF-based ranking provides a balance between transmit-power performance and deployment complexity.
