AI 中文总结
该研究提出一种旁分泌信号胶体模型，通过粒子产生的信号分子调控相互作用，模拟实现了自组装极限环，为构建类生命非平衡活性物质提供了平台。
AI 中文摘要
开发具有类生命行为（如内部驱动循环）的合成材料，仍是活性物质领域的核心挑战。本文介绍了一种极简的胶体化学信号模型，其中粒子会产生扩散性信号分子，这些分子可选择性促进或抑制相邻粒子间的吸引相互作用。这种受生物启发的类旁分泌信号机制，会产生依赖环境与历史的多体相互作用，打破时间反演对称性，驱动系统远离平衡态，最终在粒子团簇的组成中自发涌现出自主、内部持续的极限环。通过计算机模拟，我们绘制了由此产生的非平衡相行为图，并确定了由信号产生速率、降解速率及信号分子扩散范围控制的不同动力学状态。其中，我们发现了一种稳定的振荡状态：粒子团簇完全由内部反馈回路驱动，以循环方式自主组装。我们的研究确立了旁分泌信号胶体作为一种极简、物理可实现的平台，可用于构建具有类生命功能的可编程非平衡材料，为合成具有自调控集体动力学的活性物质提供了通用途径。
英文摘要
Developing synthetic materials that exhibit life-like behavior, such as internally driven cycles, remains a central challenge in active matter. Here, we introduce a minimal colloidal model of chemical signaling in which particles produce diffusing signaling molecules that selectively promote or inhibit attractive interactions among neighboring particles. This bio-inspired, paracrine-like signaling mechanism generates context- and history-dependent many-body interactions that break time-reversal symmetry and drive the system far from equilibrium, leading to the spontaneous emergence of autonomous, internally sustained limit cycles in the composition of particle clusters. Using computer simulations, we map the resulting nonequilibrium phase behavior and identify distinct dynamical regimes controlled by the rates of signal production and degradation, together with the diffusion range of the signaling molecules. Among these, we find a robust oscillatory state in which particle clusters autonomously assemble in a cyclic fashion, driven entirely by internal feedback loops. Our results establish paracrine-signaling colloids as a minimal, physically realizable platform for programmable nonequilibrium materials with life-like functionality and provide a general route toward synthetic active matter with self-regulated collective dynamics.
