政策碎片化还是制度协同？高校与商学院的AI制度治理
Policy Fragmentation or Institutional Alignment? Institutional Governance of AI in Universities and Business Schools
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究分析美国34个州高校AI政策，发现校级侧重数据安全与风险、商学院侧重教学应用，多数商学院无独立AI政策致错位，提出需协同指南兼顾学科目标与劳动力需求。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
人工智能（AI）正迅速变革高技能领域，要求高等教育机构（HEI）在基础原理教学与新兴工具整合间取得平衡，以确保劳动力具备相应能力。尽管高等教育机构正日益采用AI，许多机构仍在纠结如何将其融入课程并通过政策进行治理，尤其是当政策由机构不同层级制定时。本研究分析了美国34个州高等教育机构的AI政策，以探究这些政策的具体内容，以及机构间、机构内部不同层级制定的政策存在何种差异。我们使用自然语言处理（NLP）分析机构AI政策，发现存在明显分歧：校级政策强调数据安全与风险缓解，而商学院层级的政策（若存在）则聚焦教学应用与工具使用。当关注商学院特定政策时，相对较少的商学院制定了独立于校级框架的AI政策，这与学科特定学习目标形成错位。这一差距尤其对教师、学生以及认证工作构成挑战。我们的研究见解表明，相关指南应与更广泛的机构政策相协同，同时兼顾学科特定学习目标与不断变化的劳动力需求。
英文摘要
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming high-skilled domains, requiring higher education institutions (HEI) to balance the teaching of foundational principles with the integration of emerging tools to ensure workforce readiness. While HEI are increasingly adopting AI, many continue to grapple with how it should be incorporated into curricula and governed through policy, especially when such policies are set at different levels of an institution. This research analyzes AI policies across HEI from 34 states in the United States to investigate what these policies entail and how policies set across institutions as well as within different levels at an institution differ. Using natural language processing (NLP) to analyze institutional AI policies, we find a clear divergence: university-level policies emphasize data security and risk mitigation whereas school-level policies, when present, focus on pedagogical applications and tool usage. When focusing on business school specific policies, relatively few business schools maintain AI policies distinct from university frameworks, creating misalignment with discipline-specific learning objectives. This gap poses challenges particularly for faculty and students as well as for accreditation purposes. Our insights suggest that guidelines should be aligned with broader institutional policies while addressing discipline-specific learning objectives and evolving workforce demands.
