AI 中文总结
本文针对引力红移的量子理论描述问题，修正了多模式混频器（MMM）模型的不一致性，提出两种互补方法，将红移建模为适用于高斯态输入的量子通道，可用量子信息论技术表征。
AI 中文摘要
光的引力频移在经典电磁学理论中已得到充分理解，但其在量子理论中的描述尚未完全发展。近期研究指出，此前旨在将引力红移描述为作用于光模式的有效多模式混频器（MMM）的模型存在不一致性，但未获得问题的完整解决方案。本文确定了MMM模型不一致性的根本原因，并提供两种互补方法来修正它：一种是从场论视角出发的“自然”方法，另一种是适配有限维系统量子力学语言的方法。研究表明，当将输入态限制为光的高斯态时，第二种方法可将多模式传输设置中的红移建模为量子通道，该通道可使用标准量子信息论技术进行表征。
英文摘要
The gravitational frequency shift of light is well understood in the theory of classical electromagnetism. Nevertheless, its description in quantum theory is not yet fully developed. Recent work pointed out inconsistencies in previously developed models aimed at describing the gravitational redshift as an effective multi-mode mixer (MMM) acting on modes of light, but so far a complete solution of these issues was not obtained. Here, we identify the root cause of the MMM model's inconsistency and provide two complementary approaches to correct it: a "natural" one from a field-theoretic perspective, and another adapted to the language of quantum mechanics of finite-dimensional systems. We show that the second approach allows for modeling of the redshift in a multi-mode transmission setup as a quantum channel that can be characterized using standard quantum information-theoretic techniques when restricting the input states to Gaussian states of light.
Comments10 pages, 4 figures
