半经典黑洞-白洞跃迁：一种解析处理方法
Semiclassical Black Hole-White Hole transitions: an analytical treatment
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究通过二维模型的解析方法，解释了半经典引力数值模拟中观测到的黑洞向白洞的跃迁，还指出该跃迁可能形成级联，最终或得到无视界的反弹时空，为相关系统研究奠定基础。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
近期对半经典引力的数值研究表明，在同时具有外视界和内视界的球对称黑洞中，内视界的半经典不稳定性可在短于标准霍金蒸发时间的时标内驱动俘获区域的完全蒸发。独立模拟进一步显示，俘获区域消失后会形成反俘获区域，即动力学白洞。本研究针对俘获区域与反俘获区域中的量子效应建立解析处理方法，阐明如何在简化的二维模型中理解这些数值结果。我们考虑描述带电正则黑洞形成的坍缩模型，并计算|in〉真空态的重正化应力-能量张量。结果表明，在该框架内，反俘获区域的出现是初始俘获区域内向类出射方向传播的负能流放大的普遍结果，为数值模拟中观测到的黑洞向白洞的跃迁提供了解析解释。我们的分析还进一步指出，后续反俘获区域产生的、现向类入射方向传播的能流，可能触发新俘获区域的形成，这引发了黑洞-白洞跃迁级联的可能性，最终可能形成无视界的反弹时空，且无需引入额外的量子引力动力学。尽管完整演化的建立需要对半经典反作用进行自洽处理，但我们的框架明确了该机制的哪些特征是普适的、哪些依赖于几何，为系统研究半经典黑洞-白洞跃迁奠定了基础。
英文摘要
Recent numerical studies of semiclassical gravity suggest that, in spherically symmetric black holes with both outer and inner horizons, the semiclassical instability of the inner horizon can drive the complete evaporation of the trapped region on timescales shorter than the standard Hawking evaporation time. Independent simulations further indicate that the disappearance of the trapped region is followed by the formation of an anti-trapped region, i.e.~a dynamical white hole. In this work, we develop an analytic treatment of quantum effects in trapped and anti-trapped regions, showing how these numerical results can be understood within simplified two-dimensional models. We consider collapse models describing the formation of charged and regular black holes and compute the renormalized stress-energy tensor of the $|\textit{in}\rangle$ vacuum state. We show that, within this framework, the emergence of an anti-trapped region is a generic consequence of the amplification of negative energy fluxes propagating along the outgoing direction inside the initial trapped region. This provides an analytic explanation for the black-hole-to-white-hole transition observed in numerical simulations. Our analysis further suggests that the fluxes generated by the subsequent anti-trapped region, now propagating along the ingoing direction, may trigger the formation of a new trapped region. This raises the possibility of a cascade of black-to-white-hole transitions, potentially ending in a horizon-free, bouncing spacetime without invoking additional quantum-gravitational dynamics. Although establishing the complete evolution requires a self-consistent treatment of semiclassical backreaction, our framework identifies which features of the mechanism are universal and which depend on the geometry, laying the groundwork for a systematic investigation of semiclassical black-hole-to-white-hole transitions.
