AI 中文总结
LSND实验研究中微子振荡，采用有机液体闪烁体探测器，通过FLUKA模拟等理论建模解读结果，其结果暗示偏离标准模型，推动惰性中微子相关研究。
AI 中文摘要
液体闪烁体中微子探测器（LSND）实验旨在研究中微子振荡，尤其是缪子型反中微子（\\(\overline{\nu}_\mu\\)）向电子型反中微子（\\(\overline{\nu}_e\\)）的转变，这一现象挑战了标准模型关于中微子无质量的假设。LSND采用大型有机液体闪烁体（LS）探测低能中微子相互作用，通过添加钆（Gd）等金属离子提升信号灵敏度并抑制噪声。本文运用理论建模与模拟准确解读实验结果，采用FLUKA蒙特卡罗代码模拟探测器内的粒子相互作用与输运，建模的关键过程包括反电子中微子与质子的反应（\\(\overline{\nu}_e + p \to e^+ + n\\)）、中子与质子的俘获（\\(n + p \to d + \gamma\\)）以及闪烁体中的对应光输出；模拟通过Birks定律计入淬灭效应，实现对光产额及探测器对次级粒子响应的精确预测。本文还计算了静止衰变（DAR）与飞行中衰变（DIF）过程的中微子通量，获取了由π介子和缪子衰变产生的中微子能谱，同时对π介子产生截面及各类粒子的光输出效率进行建模，以全面理解探测器性能。该理论建模与模拟框架验证了实验观测结果，为探测器的灵敏度与局限性提供了见解；LSND的结果暗示了与标准模型的偏差，推动了对中微子振荡及惰性中微子潜在存在的进一步研究。
英文摘要
The Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) experiment aimed at investigating neutrino oscillations, particularly the transformation of muon-type antineutrinos (\(\overlineν_μ\)) into electron-type antineutrinos (\(\overlineν_e\)). This phenomenon challenges the Standard Model's assumption of massless neutrinos. The LSND employed a large organic liquid scintillator (LS) to detect low-energy neutrino interactions, enhanced by the addition of metal ions such as gadolinium (Gd) for improved signal sensitivity and noise suppression. Theoretical modeling and simulations are used in this paper to accurately interpret experimental results. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was employed to simulate particle interactions and transport in the detector. Key processes modeled included neutrino interactions (\(\overlineν_e + p \to e^+ + n\)), neutron capture (\(n + p \to d + γ\)), and the corresponding light output in the scintillator. The simulations accounted for quenching effects using Birks' law, enabling precise predictions of light yield and detector response to secondary particles. Neutrino fluxes from decay-at-rest (DAR) and decay-in-flight (DIF) processes were calculated, capturing the energy spectra of neutrinos generated by pion and muon decays. Pion production cross-sections and light output efficiency for various particles were also modeled to understand detector performance comprehensively. The theoretical modeling and simulation framework validated the experimental observations and provided insights into the detector's sensitivity and limitations. The LSND results hinted at deviations from the Standard Model, stimulating further investigations into neutrino oscillations and the potential existence of sterile neutrinos.
