AI 中文总结
本文提出以政府持有的公共IPv4地址空间为指标衡量数字国家能力，经多国及次国家层面验证后，将其应用于腐败控制、疫苗接种推广，发现其与治理质量、公共服务结果呈正相关。
AI 中文摘要
数字国家能力是指政府部署信息通信技术（ICT）基础设施与信息系统以实施政策的能力。本文基于可观测的可部署公共部门网络基础设施存量，即政府机构持有的公共IPv4地址空间，引入了一种新的政府ICT能力衡量指标。这些地址持有量是数字治理的关键投入，因为它们支撑面向互联网的系统、网络化信息交换以及各机构和职能间的协调。核心面板涵盖2019至2024年期间150多个国家中被归类为政府的约15万条国家实体记录，且可按行政级别和政府职能细分。在2019至2024年的行政1级（Admin-1）面板中，所有年份均在1681个次国家区域观测到政府IP持有量。我们在国家和次国家层面验证了该指标，并将其应用于与腐败控制和疫苗接种推广相关的政府任务。在示例国家-年份分析中，较高的数字国家能力与预期方向上更高质量的治理和公共服务结果相关，包括更低的实测腐败水平和更高的疫苗接种覆盖率。这些关联是描述性的，证明了该指标的经验相关性，而非因果估计。
英文摘要
Digital State Capacity is the ability of governments to deploy ICT infrastructure and information systems to implement policy. This paper introduces a new measure of government ICT capacity based on an observable stock of deployable public-sector network infrastructure: public IPv4 address space held by government organisations. These address holdings are key inputs into digital administration because they support internet-facing systems, networked information exchange, and coordination across agencies and functions. The core panel covers approximately 150,000 country-entity records classified as government across more than 150 countries from 2019 to 2024 and can be disaggregated by administrative level and government function. In the 2019 to 2024 Admin-1 panel, government IP holdings are observed in 1,681 subnational regions across all years. We validate the measure at the crosscountry and subnational levels and apply it to government tasks related to corruption control and vaccination rollout. In illustrative country-year analysis, higher Digital State Capacity is associated with higher-quality governance and publicservice outcomes in the expected directions, including lower measured corruption and higher vaccination coverage. These associations are descriptive; they demonstrate the empirical relevance of the measure and are not causal estimates.
Comments171 pages, 42 figures, and 76 tables, including appendices
