AI 中文总结
该研究通过集成变换光学架构设计多功能核壳结构，研制微波原型实现4.9-5.1 GHz内超3 dB散射抑制与六倍信号增强，解决了电磁传感隐身性与灵敏度的权衡问题，为弱信号检测提供新框架。
AI 中文摘要
弱电磁信号需要高灵敏度传感器，但提高传感器灵敏度必然会增强其与周围场的相互作用，产生散射，从而干扰正在测量的信号。相反，现有的隐身策略仅通过将传感器与入射波隔离来抑制散射，从而损害信号接收。解决这种长期存在的隐身性与灵敏度之间的权衡仍然是一个突出的挑战。在此，我们通过集成变换光学架构克服了这一难题，该架构共同设计了整个传感系统，包括电大型传感器本体、亚波长传感探针及其电互连。所提出的多功能核壳结构将入射波引导绕过传感器本体，同时将其集中到传感区域，而不会干扰外部电磁场。深亚波长孔径保持电连接，而不会降低隐身或场集中性能，从而在单个平台内实现隐身传感。基于实用光学零介质超材料的微波原型在4.9-5.1 GHz范围内实验证明了超过3 dB的宽带散射抑制，同时检测到的信号平均增强了六倍。通过同时消除测量引起的场扰动并放大局部传感场，我们的方法建立了一种通用的隐身且高响应电磁传感器框架，为生物医学诊断、安全通信、量子技术和深空探测中的弱信号检测开辟了新机遇。
英文摘要
Weak electromagnetic signals demand highly sensitive sensors, yet increasing a sensor's sensitivity inevitably strengthens its interaction with the surrounding field, producing scattering that perturbs the very signals being measured. Conversely, existing cloaking strategies suppress scattering only by isolating the sensor from incident waves, thereby compromising signal reception. Resolving this long-standing trade-off between invisibility and sensitivity has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we overcome this dilemma through an integrated transformation-optical architecture that co-designs the entire sensing system, including the electrically large sensor body, the subwavelength sensing probe, and their electrical interconnection. The proposed multifunctional core-shell structure guides incident waves around the sensor body while simultaneously concentrating them into the sensing region without disturbing the external electromagnetic field. A deep-subwavelength aperture preserves electrical connectivity without degrading either cloaking or field concentration, enabling invisible sensing within a single platform. A microwave prototype based on practical optic-null-medium metamaterials experimentally demonstrates broadband scattering suppression exceeding 3 dB together with an average sixfold enhancement of the detected signal over 4.9-5.1 GHz. By simultaneously eliminating measurement-induced field perturbation and amplifying the local sensing field, our approach establishes a general framework for invisible yet highly responsive electromagnetic sensors, opening new opportunities for weak-signal detection in biomedical diagnostics, secure communications, quantum technologies, and deep-space exploration.
