AI 中文总结
该研究提出一种资源高效的高维编码方法，用单光子操作替代多光子态制备，通过可编程光子集成电路生成多量子比特图态，还利用单光子cluster态演示Grover算法，为光量子信息处理开辟新途径。
AI 中文摘要
光子多量子比特纠缠是光量子信息处理（尤其是通用量子计算）的关键。然而多光子源的发射效率低，使得单光子高维编码成为有吸引力的替代方案。本文提出一种明确且资源高效的高维编码方法，以实现目标多量子比特量子态。该方法用涉及高维扩展、路由和多层量子测量的单光子操作替代了技术上具有挑战性的多光子量子态制备。此外，资源多光子量子态中的每个光子可分布式编码多个量子比特，从而构建更大的纠缠态。我们利用可编程光子集成电路演示了该方法，生成并表征了包括Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态和cluster态在内的多量子比特图态，还利用单光子cluster态演示了Grover搜索算法。本研究成果为利用光子生成多种纠缠态开辟了新途径，并推动了大规模通用光量子信息处理的发展。
英文摘要
Photonic multi-qubit entanglement is key to optical quantum information processing, particularly universal quantum computing. Yet multi-photon sources suffer from low emission efficiency, making single-photon high-dimensional encoding an appealing alternative. Here we propose an explicit and resource-efficient high-dimensional encoding approach to achieve the target multi-qubit quantum state. The technically challenging preparation of multi-photon quantum states is replaced by single-photon operations involving high-dimensional expansion, routing, and multi-layered quantum measurement. Besides, each photon in the resource multi-photon quantum state can be used to encode multiple qubits in a distributed manner, and a larger entangled state will be constructed. We demonstrate this approach using programmable photonic integrated circuits, where multi-qubit graph states--including the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and the cluster state--are generated and characterized. We additionally demonstrate the Grover search algorithm using the single-photon cluster state. Our findings unlock a novel route towards diverse entangled state generation with photons and advance large-scale and universal photonic quantum information processing.
