稀疏错误检测在量子模拟中的效用
The Utility of Sparse Error Detection in Quantum Simulations
中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究探讨稀疏错误检测在量子计算机模拟格点规范理论中的效用，发现大码块在无连通性约束时具优势，稀疏错误检测可提升可观测量估计准确性，将增强核物理与高能物理量子模拟性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
错误检测码近期取得的成功表明其在自然的容错模拟中具有潜在应用价值。本研究探讨了稀疏错误检测在使用量子计算机模拟格点规范理论中的效用，重点研究了嵌入Iceberg码族[[N+2, N, 2]]以及超立方体码族[[2^N, N, 2]]的格点施温格模型的时间演化。轴向规范下的正负电子格点被嵌入单个码块或多个码块，研究发现，在无连通性约束时，大码块具有优势。采用近期现实错误率、不频繁的症候测量及物理感知后选择的噪声经典模拟，可改进可观测量估计。在近期量子计算机的现实噪声率下，本研究发现量子模拟中的稀疏错误检测有潜力提升可观测量估计的准确性，额外的错误检测轮次会系统性地将可观测量中的误差推向码设定的噪声底。这些发现表明，在近期纳入最小化的容错实现，将提升核物理与高能物理中量子模拟的性能。
英文摘要
The recent success of error detecting codes points toward their potential application to fault-tolerant simulations of nature. In this work, we examine the utility of sparse error detection for simulating lattice gauge theories using quantum computers. In particular, we study the time evolution of the lattice Schwinger model embedded into the Iceberg code family, $[[N+2, N, 2]]$, as well as the Hypercube code family, $[[2^N, N, 2]]$. The lattice of electrons and positrons in the axial gauge is embedded into a single code block or into multiple code blocks, and this work finds that large codeblocks are advantageous in the absence of connectivity constraints. Noisy classical simulations with realistic near-term error rates, infrequent syndrome measurements and physics-aware postselection are found to improve observable estimation. Under realistic noise rates for near-term quantum computers, this work finds that sparse error detection in quantum simulations has the potential to improve accuracy of observable estimation. Additional rounds of error detection are found to systematically drive errors in observables to the noise floor set by the code. These findings suggest that incorporating minimal implementations of fault tolerance in the near-term will enhance the performance of quantum simulations in nuclear physics and high-energy physics.
