AI 中文总结
本文针对NASA的HWO需求，表征了9.4兆像素CMOS SPCD的性能，其满足多项HWO关键要求，同时给出了低通量观测模拟及该探测器的研发路线图。
AI 中文摘要
宜居世界天文台（HWO）是美国国家航空航天局（NASA）当前的新一代大型天文台概念，将用于观测宇宙以搜寻地球以外的生命，需要前所未有的仪器稳定性和探测器性能，但目前尚无单一探测器技术能满足HWO的严苛规格。互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）单光子计数探测器（SPCD）是进一步研发的优秀候选方案，因其已满足HWO的多项规格要求。本文报告了对9.4兆像素CMOS SPCD的表征项目结果：测得暗电流为0.0005电子/秒/像素，读出噪声为0.19电子/像素，485纳米处峰值量子效率达88%，串扰和余辉可忽略不计，同时给出了转换增益测量结果。该探测器满足HWO的多项关键性能要求，包括远低于1电子的读出噪声和低暗电流，不过在紫外量子效率和全任务鉴定方面仍需额外研发。本文还利用表征结果开展了低通量观测模拟，并给出了开发CMOS SPCD以满足HWO规格（尤其是紫外波长下）的路线图。
英文摘要
The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is NASA's current New Great Observatory concept. HWO will observe the universe to search for life beyond Earth. It will need unprecedented instrument stability and detector performance. However, no single detector technology currently satisfies HWO's demanding specifications. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) single-photon counting detectors (SPCDs) are excellent candidates for further development, as they already satisfy several specifications for HWO. We report the results of a characterization program for 9.4 Mpixel CMOS SPCDs. We measure a dark current of 0.0005 e-/s/pixel, a read noise of 0.19 e-/pixel, a peak quantum efficiency of 88% at 485 nm, negligible crosstalk and persistence, and we present conversion gain measurements. The detector satisfies several key HWO performance requirements, including deep sub-electron read noise and low dark current, while additional development is required in ultraviolet quantum efficiency and full mission qualification. We include a simulated low-flux observation using characterization results, along with a roadmap for developing CMOS SPCDs to satisfy HWO specifications, especially at UV wavelengths.
Comments27 pages, JATIS, in press
Journal refJATIS, 2026
