量子计算机上格点规范理论的动态诱导
Dynamic Induction of Lattice Gauge Theories on a Quantum Computer
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出第三种范式，利用高斯定律从简单哈密顿量动态生成格点规范理论，在IBM量子处理器上实现U(1)格点规范理论，降低了纠缠门深度，为高维复杂规范理论的数字量子模拟开辟了新途径。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
规范不变性是现代物理学的核心，也是格点规范理论（LGT）量子模拟的基础。现有量子模拟方法要么在模拟平台中利用高斯定律从能量上抑制规范破缺过程，要么在数字设备中检测并丢弃规范破缺结果。本文提出第三种范式，即利用高斯定律从一个简单得多的哈密顿量动态生成规范理论。我们从易于编程的三体XXX模型出发，采用实验上高效的单量子比特U(1)规范对称生成项，诱导U(1)格点规范理论的动力学。我们在156量子比特的IBM量子处理器上用101个量子比特实现该方法，观测到与目标格点规范理论定量一致的实时动力学，且与直接实现相比，每步Trotter的纠缠门深度降低了5倍。我们的结果表明，规范保护可作为哈密顿量工程的资源，而非仅用于对称性保持，为在更高空间维度上对日益复杂的规范理论进行数字量子模拟开辟了一条可扩展、资源高效的途径。
英文摘要
Gauge invariance is central to modern physics and underpins quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories (LGTs). Existing quantum simulation approaches employ Gauss's law either to energetically suppress gauge-violating processes in analog platforms or to detect and discard gauge-violating outcomes in digital devices. Here we introduce a third paradigm, in which Gauss's law is used to dynamically generate the gauge theory itself from a substantially simpler Hamiltonian. Starting from a readily programmable three-body XXX model, we employ experimentally efficient single-qubit U(1) gauge symmetry-generator terms that induce the dynamics of a U(1) LGT. We implement this approach using 101 qubits on a 156-qubit IBM quantum processor and observe real-time dynamics in quantitative agreement with the target LGT while reducing the entangling-gate depth per Trotter step by a factor of five compared with a direct implementation. Our results establish gauge protection as a resource for Hamiltonian engineering rather than merely symmetry preservation, opening a scalable resource-efficient route towards digital quantum simulations of increasingly complex gauge theories in higher spatial dimensions.
