AI 中文总结
本研究结合LRD源模型与前景早型星系透镜体，通过蒙特卡洛模拟估计星系尺度强引力透镜LRD的可探测数量，为相关巡天搜寻提供基准预测。
AI 中文摘要
红端小星系（LRD）的物理本质仍不确定，不过这类数量丰富、致密且呈红色的源可能为早期黑洞增长和星系形成提供重要见解。强引力透镜可放大LRD并空间分辨其内部结构，从而帮助区分相互竞争的物理场景，但目前尚未有星系尺度的强引力透镜LRD得到可靠确认。为预测当前及未来巡天中这类系统的数量并指导针对性搜寻，我们结合基于文献的LRD源模型与前景早型星系透镜体群，首次对可探测的星系尺度透镜LRD群进行基准估计。我们的蒙特卡洛模拟覆盖50平方度，包含270713个LRD和5460841个透镜体，预测双像系统的理想面密度为10.70±3.76每平方度，四像系统为0.64±0.69每平方度；考虑詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）点扩散函数及巡天极限星等后，可探测面密度分别降至3.70±1.89每平方度和0.52±0.58每平方度。对于COSMOS-Web、PRIMER-UDS、PRIMER-COSMOS、CEERS、JADES GOODS-S和JADES GOODS-N去重后0.66平方度的天区，其极限深度通过流量空间的面积加权平均得到，预测双像系统未探测到的概率为8.6%，四像系统为70.8%。
英文摘要
The physical nature of Little Red Dots (LRDs) remains uncertain, although these abundant, compact, and red sources may offer important insights into early black-hole growth and galaxy formation. Strong gravitational lensing can magnify LRDs and spatially resolve their internal structure, thereby helping to discriminate among competing physical scenarios. However, no galaxy-scale strongly lensed LRD has yet been securely confirmed. To predict the abundance of such systems in current and future surveys and to guide dedicated searches, we present the first benchmark estimate of the detectable population of galaxy-scale lensed LRDs by combining literature-based LRD source models with a population of foreground early-type galaxy deflectors. Our Monte Carlo simulation spans $50~{\rm deg}^{2}$ and contains 270,713 LRDs and 5,460,841 deflectors. We predict idealized surface densities of $10.70\pm3.76~{\rm deg}^{-2}$ for doubles and $0.64\pm0.69~{\rm deg}^{-2}$ for quads. After accounting for the JWST point-spread function and survey limiting magnitudes, the detectable surface densities decrease to $3.70\pm1.89~{\rm deg}^{-2}$ and $0.52\pm0.58~{\rm deg}^{-2}$, respectively. For the de-duplicated $0.66~{\rm deg}^{2}$ footprint covered by COSMOS-Web, PRIMER-UDS, PRIMER-COSMOS, CEERS, JADES GOODS-S, and JADES GOODS-N, for which the reported limiting depths are combined through area-weighted averaging in flux space, the predicted probabilities of detecting no systems are $8.6\%$ for doubles and $70.8\%$ for quads.
Comments12 pages, 3 figures. To be submitted to ApJL
