AI 中文总结
该研究提出利用嵌入谐振微波腔的超导Transmon量子比特，通过逆Gertsenshtein效应探测高频引力波，采用纠缠量子寄存器实现灵敏度大幅提升，为GHz波段高频引力波搜寻提供了新框架。
AI 中文摘要
高频引力波（HFGWs）为高能物理和早期宇宙物理提供了独特的观测窗口，但它们无法被传统的宏观干涉仪探测到。为填补这一探测空白，我们提出一种新型量子传感范式，利用嵌入谐振微波腔中的超导Transmon量子比特。通过逆Gertsenshtein效应，在静磁场中传播的HFGWs会共振激发腔模。借助感应电磁场的特征自旋-2四极模式，我们将量子比特直接置于TE₂₁₂模的电场热点处，作为局域传感器。关键在于，将该阵列配置为对称Dicke态的纠缠量子寄存器，可获得基础尺度优势：信号概率随量子比特数呈二次方缩放，对应应变灵敏度缩放关系为h_min ∝ n_q⁻³/⁴。我们证明，一个理想的800量子比特全局寄存器达到的应变灵敏度，比标准宏观腔功率极限高出五个数量级。以代表性轴子望远镜参数为基准，这种集体量子增强显著缓解了引力相互作用固有的普朗克尺度抑制，为GHz波段下一代HFGW搜寻建立了变革性框架。
英文摘要
High-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) provide a unique window into high-energy and early-universe physics, yet they evade traditional macroscopic interferometry. To bridge this detection gap, we propose a novel quantum-sensing paradigm utilizing superconducting transmon qubits embedded in resonant microwave cavities. Through the inverse Gertsenshtein effect, HFGWs propagating in a static magnetic field resonantly excite a cavity mode. By leveraging the characteristic spin-2 quadrupolar pattern of the induced electromagnetic field, we position qubits directly at the electric-field hot spots of the $\mathrm{TE}_{212}$ mode to act as localized sensors. Crucially, configuring this array as an entangled quantum register via symmetric Dicke states unlocks a fundamental scaling advantage: the signal probability scales quadratically with the qubit number, translating to a $h_{\min} \propto n_q^{-3/4}$ strain sensitivity scaling. We demonstrate that an idealized global register of 800 qubits reaches a strain sensitivity that surpasses standard macroscopic cavity-power limits by five orders of magnitude. Benchmarked against representative axion-haloscope parameters, this collective quantum enhancement decisively mitigates the profound Planck-scale suppression inherent to gravitational interactions, establishing a transformative framework for next-generation HFGW searches in the GHz band.
