AI 中文总结
本研究针对10 TeV缪子对撞机，利用MINT模拟前向中微子流，分析其次级粒子及错号中微子，提出可借前向中微子暴露寻找超出标准模型的重中性轻子。
AI 中文摘要
缪子对撞机环中的缪子衰变会产生电子味和缪子味的TeV量级中微子及反中微子束流。我们研究10 TeV缪子对撞机处前向μ⁺和μ⁻束流方向上的该中微子流，引入MINT（一款包含缪子束流动力学的专用中微子流蒙特卡罗模拟工具）进行建模。我们发现，在距对撞点5 km处的基准探测器，若 fiducial 体积约为3吨、束斑尺寸约为1米，每年将观测到约O(10⁹)次中微子相互作用。我们计算前向探测器上游岩石中中微子相互作用产生的次级缪子和中微子数量，发现每次束团穿越时，约有2个来自岩石的次级高能、高极化缪子会穿过每个探测器。岩石中中微子产生的粲介子和τ子会形成少量ν_τ+ν̄_τ次级流，探测器中每年约有O(0.2)个事例，可能太小而无法观测。来自类似过程的错号中微子（如μ⁻束中的ν_e+ν̄_μ）数量更多，但仍仅为TeV中微子相互作用数量的O(10⁻⁹)。最后，我们概述如何利用前向区域的大量中微子暴露，寻找中微子相互作用产生的超出标准模型的粒子，举例包括通过混合或电磁偶极算子与电子味和缪子味耦合的重中性轻子。
英文摘要
Muon decays in a muon collider ring would produce TeV neutrino and antineutrino beams of electron and muon flavor. We study this flux in the forward $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ beam directions at a 10 TeV muon collider and introduce \mint, a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation to model neutrino fluxes accounting for muon beam dynamics. We find that a benchmark detector at 5 km from the interaction point would see about $\mathcal{O}(10^{9})$ neutrino interactions per year in a $\sim3$~tonne fiducial volume with a beam spot size of $\mathcal{O}(1)$~meter. We calculate the number of secondary muons and neutrinos generated by neutrino interactions in the rock upstream of the forward detectors and find that about two secondary high-energy and highly polarized muons from the rock would cross each detector per bunch crossing. Neutrino productions of charmed mesons and taus in the rock generate a small $ν_τ+\barν_τ$ secondary flux, with $\mathcal{O}(0.2)$ events per year in the detectors, likely too small to be observed. Wrong-sign neutrinos from similar processes, such as $ν_e+\barν_μ$ in the $μ^-$ beam, are more numerous but still a fraction no larger than $\mathcal{O}(10^{-8})$ of the number of TeV neutrino interactions. Finally, we outline how the large forward neutrino exposure can be used to search for beyond-the-Standard-Model particles produced in neutrino interactions, with examples of heavy neutral leptons coupled to electron and muon flavors through mixing or electromagnetic dipole operators.
Comments28 pages, 24 figures
