玻色量子态的自适应重构
Adaptive Reconstruction of Bosonic Quantum States
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对玻色量子态表征难题，提出结合物理信息模型与贝叶斯推断等的自适应重构技术，经实验验证可高效稳健估计猫态保真度，适用于玻色量子态自主优化。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
玻色量子系统为量子信息处理提供了硬件高效的平台，但由于其希尔伯特空间庞大且量子态层析的测量成本高昂，其表征仍具挑战性。现有方法仅估计相对于单一目标态的保真度，使其不适用于物理等价态因相空间平移、旋转或其他变换而产生差异的应用场景。本文提出一种自适应重构技术，可估计相对于一组玻色态的保真度，同时通过少量测量重构 underlying Wigner 函数。该方法将物理信息参数模型与贝叶斯推断、自举法及主动学习相结合，迭代选择信息最丰富的相空间采样点。我们在电路量子电动力学平台上实现该方法，并对振幅α∈[1,3]的薛定谔猫态进行基准测试。该重构在数分钟内即可得到可重复的保真度估计，即使使用不匹配的先验，在相空间发生大幅平移和旋转时仍保持稳健，且对细微的态缺陷敏感。我们还通过实验将该自适应策略与现有 Wigner 函数采样协议进行比较，证明自适应采样在针对一组猫态的测量高效保真度估计中具有优势。最后，我们将重构的保真度纳入原理验证型闭环量子最优控制实验的品质因数中，证明该方法可自主优化玻色量子态的适用性。
英文摘要
Bosonic quantum systems provide a hardware-efficient platform for quantum information processing but remain challenging to characterise due to their large Hilbert space and the high measurement cost of state tomography. Existing approaches estimate the fidelity with respect to a single target state, making them unsuitable for applications in which physically equivalent states differ by phase space translations, rotations, or other transformations. Here, we introduce an adaptive reconstruction technique that estimates the fidelity with respect to a family of bosonic states while reconstructing the underlying Wigner function from a small number of measurements. The method combines a physics-informed parametric model with Bayesian inference, bootstrap, and active learning to iteratively select the most informative phase space sampling points. We implement the approach on a circuit quantum electrodynamics platform and benchmark it on Schrödinger cat states with amplitudes $α\in[1,3]$. The reconstruction yields reproducible fidelity estimates within a few minutes, remains robust to substantial displacements and rotations in phase space despite using a mismatched prior, and is sensitive to subtle state imperfections. We further compare the adaptive strategy with existing Wigner function sampling protocols experimentally, demonstrating the advantage of adaptive sampling for measurement-efficient fidelity estimation with respect to a family of cat states. Finally, we incorporate the reconstructed fidelity into the figure of merit used in a proof-of-principle closed-loop quantum optimal control experiment, demonstrating the applicability of the method to autonomous optimisation of bosonic quantum states.
发表机构
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院量子光学与量子信息研究所）
- Institute for Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck（因斯布鲁克大学实验物理研究所）
- Atominstitut, TU Wien（维也纳技术大学原子研究所）
- PSI Center for Photon Science（保罗·谢勒研究所光子科学中心）
- Qruise GmbH（Qruise有限公司）
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università degli Studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学物理与天文系（G.伽利略））
- INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所帕多瓦分所）
- University of Innsbruck（因斯布鲁克大学）
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