AI 中文总结
本研究提出一种对ZTF等巡天数据搜寻双星核心坍缩超新星周期性振荡的低成本方案，经模拟和存档数据验证，长基线观测可有效恢复振荡，在212颗ZTF超新星中发现2个候选体存在相关迹象。
AI 中文摘要
背景：剥离包层超新星发生在爆炸前已失去外层的大质量恒星中，可能源于双星相互作用。最近，SN 2022jli被探测到光变曲线存在显著周期性振荡，可能是双星伴星吸积至新生致密天体所致。目标：尽管已在少数明亮且受关注的超新星中发现周期性振荡证据，但通过对大型数据集的系统搜寻才能更好理解该现象的群体特性。我们提出对ZTF及类似巡天数据开展灵活且计算成本低廉的搜寻方案，目标是建立对ZTF、LSST及类似巡天数据的实时搜寻机制。方法：我们模拟包含双星相互作用附加特征的核心坍缩超新星光变曲线，使用样条拟合去除超新星的基础行为以分离周期性，再应用Lomb-Scargle周期图恢复模拟周期。通过改变条件，我们可为不同类型数据集提供建议，最后对两组存档ZTF超新星运行该搜寻以验证概念。结果：在广泛的双星相互作用参数范围内，200天的长基线观测结合3天的采样频率可有效恢复约50%的双星振荡；但在更典型的观测时长下该比例骤降，30天观测仅能恢复百分之几，75天观测可恢复10%。因此，相当一部分超新星的双星伴星相互作用可能未被探测到。在212颗中等亮度、观测良好的ZTF超新星中，我们发现2个候选体存在周期性振荡的迹象。
英文摘要
Context. Stripped envelope supernovae occur in massive stars that have lost their outer layers before exploding, possibly from binary interactions. Recently, SN 2022jli was detected with significant periodic oscillations in its lightcurve, likely due to accretion from a binary companion onto the newborn compact object. Aims. While evidence for periodic oscillations has been found in a few bright and noteworthy supernovae, the population properties are best understood with systematic searches of large data sets. We present prospects for running a search on data from ZTF and similar surveys that is flexible and computationally inexpensive, with the goal of setting up a search in realtime on data from ZTF, LSST, and similar surveys. Methods. We simulate core collapse supernova lightcurves with additional features from the binary interactions. We use spline fits to remove the underlying supernova behavior and isolate the periodicities, then apply a Lomb-Scargle periodogram to recover the simulated period. By varying the conditions, we can make recommendations for different kinds of data sets. Finally, we run the search on two sets of archival ZTF supernovae to illustrate the concept. Results. For a wide range of binary interaction parameters, we find that a long baseline (200 days) of observations with a three-day cadence effectively retrieve ~50% of the binary oscillations. However, this rate plummets with more typical observation durations; only a few percent are recoverable with a 30-day observation, and 10% with a 75-day observation. A substantial fraction of supernovae could therefore have binary companion interactions that have simply been undetected. Out of 212 moderately bright and well observed ZTF supernovae, we find suggestions of periodic oscillations in two candidates.
Comments12 pages main text + 7 pages appendix. To be submitted to A&A
